Ophthalmoscopy simulation: advances in training and practice for medical students and young ophthalmologists.

Objective: To describe and appraise the latest simulation models for direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy as a learning tool in the medical field.

Methods: The present review was conducted using four national and international databases - PubMed, Scielo, Medline and Cochrane. Initial set of articles was screened based on title and abstracts, followed by full text analysis.

Ocular adverse effects after facial cosmetic procedures: a review of case reports.

To review indexed literature concerning adverse ocular effects of the most common aesthetic facial procedures (light-emitting therapy, dermal fillers injection, and botulinum toxin). Literature search using three online databases - PubMed, SciELO, and Capes - selecting case reports, series of cases and reviews, with no language restriction, published in a period of the last twenty years (1995-2015). After reviewing 48 case reports and most recent reviews, the authors found the most common ocular adverse effects of dermal fillers were related to vascular occlusion; light-emitting therapy was associated with pigmented tissue damage leading to anterior uveitis and iris atrophy, and ptosis presented the higher relative risk associated with botulinum toxin.

Evaluation of a simulation tool in ophthalmology: application in teaching funduscopy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Eye Retinopathy Trainer® as a teaching tool for direct ophthalmoscopy examination by comparing it with the traditional method using volunteers.

Methods: Fourth year medical students received training in direct ophthalmoscopy using a simulation tool and human volunteers. Ninety students were randomized into a Simulation Group or a Control Group by the inclusion or absence of the simulation model in classroom practice.

Simulation models applied to practical learning and skill enhancement in direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy: a review.

The purpose of this review was to analyze and describe simulation methods for practical learning and training of the ophthalmoscopy exam and to organize them into specific topics relative to each principle of operation, while evaluating their preliminary results. A critical review of articles that described and evaluated simulated models for ophthalmoscopy published in the last ten years (2004-2014) was performed. One hundred articles about ophthalmology and simulation were found in national and international periodicals, but only a few discussed the examination of the posterior pole of the eye.

Application of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in pediatric ophthalmology.

Purpose. Application of anterior segment optical coherence (AS-OCT) in pediatric ophthalmology. Methods.

Phototherapeutic keratectomy for the treatment of corneal opacities after epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.

Purpose: To assess visual results and compare methods of measuring central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal opacity thickness (COT) in patients with corneal opacities induced by epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) and treated with phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) using low-dose mitomycin C (MMC).

Design: Prospective consecutive case series.

Methods: Patients with chronic adenoviral corneal opacity underwent transepithelial PTK with MMC 0.

[Phakic intraocular lens for presbyopia correction].

Purpose: To evaluate clinical and refractive results of anterior chamber multifocal phakic intraocular lens Newlife for presbyopia correction considering uncorrected far and near visual acuity and refraction data and also to evaluate safety of this intraocular lens considering distance and near corrected visual acuity, endothelial cell count and complications.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of a clinical database of 30 patients (51 eyes) who had received a foldable anterior chamber multifocal intraocular lens for presbyopia correction. Data were collected before surgery and at 1, 3, 6, 12 months after the procedure.

Contact between 3 phakic intraocular lens models and the crystalline lens: an anterior chamber optical coherence tomography study.

Three phakic intraocular lens (IOL) models were implanted in 3 different patients. With the usual slitlamp examination, it was not possible to determine whether there was contact between the IOLs and the natural crystalline lens. Using the anterior chamber optical coherence tomography (AC OCT) scanner, direct contact between the natural crystalline lens and the 3 phakic IOLs was revealed.

Static and dynamic analysis of the anterior segment with optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To study biometric modifications of the anterior segment with accommodation and age and determine possible applications in areas of anterior segment surgery, particularly implantation of refractive lenses.

Setting: Clinique Monticelli, Marseille, France.

Method: The study comprised subjects between 7 years of age and 82 years of age in whom anterior chamber biometry was evaluated using 1,310 nm wavelength optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Correction of presbyopia with refractive multifocal phakic intraocular lenses.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of and specify the conditions required for implantation of an anterior chamber multifocal phakic intraocular lens (IOL) to correct presbyopia.

Setting: Monticelli Clinic, Marseilles, France.

Method: Fifty-five eyes of 33 patients (21 women, 12 men) had implantation of a foldable anterior chamber multifocal phakic IOL.

Anterior chamber optical coherence tomography study of human natural accommodation in a 19-year-old albino.

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography is a new method to explore the anterior chamber. The target can be focused and defocused with positive or negative lenses to reproduce the conditions of natural accommodation. We studied accommodation in an albino patient because the absence of pigment allows the infrared beam to penetrate the iris and explore the modifications of the ciliary body and the crystalline lens during natural accommodation in a human subject.