Ethical Considerations in Substance Use Treatment for Youth: Assessing Clinical Practices and Policy Frameworks for Potential Harm.

The current conceptual review highlights considerations surrounding the potential for non-beneficence and undue coercion within the practices of psychologists and other clinicians providing substance use treatment for youth. The potential for nonbeneficence and undue coercion is assessed at three key stages of treatment for youth with substance use disorders (SUDs): the informed consent process, maintaining confidentiality, and treatment planning. We explore these concerns as they relate to the ethical principles of psychologists as outlined by the American Psychological Association (American Psychological Association [APA], 2017), as well as pertinent state and national legislative guidelines.

Prehospital Restraint Use in Pediatric Patients With Mental and Behavioral Health Emergencies.

Objectives: The aims of the study are to characterize children with mental and behavioral health conditions (MBH) transported by emergency medical services (EMS) and examine differences in patient, emergency department (ED), and EMS transport characteristics based on restraint interventions during EMS transport.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of EMS patients with MBH crises, aged 5-18, transported to 2 pediatric EDs over 9 years. Demographic and ED data were collected electronically; EMS data were extracted manually from prehospital care records.

Implicit attitudes toward obesity-related cues and their relation to body mass index, psychosocial functioning, and health behavior.

Objective: Differences in automatic cognitive processes exist among individuals with overweight and obesity, thus there is a need to expand our conceptualization of overweight and obesity to emphasize the predictive utility of these automatic processes, rather than focusing solely on behavioral outputs. Implicit association tests (IATs) may afford a noninvasive method of examining automatic preferences that might contribute to overweight and obesity; namely, preferences for unhealthy foods and sedentary behavior versus healthy foods and physical activity. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether implicit attitudes toward foods and physical activity differed based on body mass index (BMI) status.

Considering the associations of adverse and positive childhood experiences with health behaviors and outcomes among emerging adults.

Childhood is a sensitive period of development during which early life experiences can facilitate either positive or negative health trajectories across subsequent developmental periods. Previous research has established strong links between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adverse health outcomes (e.g.

ADHD Symptoms and Sleep Problems During Middle Childhood: The Indirect Effect of Peer Victimization.

The present cross-sectional study evaluated whether traditional and/or cyber peer victimization served as mechanisms linking ADHD symptoms to sleep disturbance and sleep impairment in a sample of 284 third- through fifth-grade students (51.9% boys; 50.4% Hispanic/Latine) from two elementary schools in the United States.

Acceptability of a Self-Led Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Teens with Type 1 Diabetes: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Diabetes distress among adolescents with type 1 diabetes has been associated with suboptimal diabetes outcomes, including lower quality of life, increased diabetes self-management challenges, and suboptimal glycemic outcomes.

Objective: This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a scalable self-led mindfulness-based intervention to reduce diabetes distress in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Adolescents (N=25) aged between 14 and 18 years diagnosed with type 1 diabetes completed a baseline assessment.

Positive Emotion Is Associated with Attentional Focus on Physical Activity and Eating in Adolescents: A Daily Diary Study.

Background: There are emerging data linking positive emotion to health behaviors, yet the self-regulatory processes underlying this link are understudied. The purpose of the current study was to examine the associations between daily positive emotion and daily attentional focus on physical activity and overeating as well as the moderating role of trait positive emotion arousal recovery.

Method: Adolescents (N = 47) aged 11 to 17 completed a baseline measure of their perceived positive emotion arousal regulation and a 7-day diary about their positive emotion and attentional focus.

Latent Profiles of Sleep Disturbance and Impairment in Elementary School-Age Youth: Concurrent and Longitudinal Associations with Emotional, Behavioral, and Academic Functioning.

Objective: The links from youth sleep problems to emotional, behavioral, and academic functioning are well documented. Latent variable mixture modeling (LVMM) has been used to explore these relations; however, additional research is needed in diverse samples and with self-reports of sleep-related difficulties. The objectives of the current study were to identify profiles based on patterns of sleep disturbance and impairment and explore associations among profiles and functioning at baseline and over a subsequent 6-month period.

Social power may be associated with health through positive emotion.

Increased social power-defined as one's influence on behavior-guides activation of one's behavioral activation system which, in turn, elicits greater positive emotion. Positive emotion has also been linked to greater health. The current research assessed whether power and positive emotion are related to health.

The Effect of Physicians' Acknowledgement of Clinical Decision Support Systems Generated Alerts on Patient Diabetes Management in a Primary Care Setting.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether clinician's acknowledgement and adherence to Clinical Best Practice Advisories (BPA) system's alerts improves the outcome of patients with chronic diabetes. We used deidentified clinical data of elderly (65 or older) diabetes patients with hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) >= 6.5 that were extracted from the clinical database of a multi-specialty outpatient clinic that also provides primary care services.

Pandemic grief risk factors and prolonged grief disorder in bereaved young adults during COVID-19.

Objectives: This study evaluated whether COVID-19-specific risk factors (e.g., feeling guilty for not being present with the deceased at the time of the loss and feeling emotionally distant from the deceased prior to the loss) were associated with prolonged grief disorder (PGD) symptomatology or diagnosis among young adults bereaved due to any cause (e.

Impact of COVID on Professionals Addressing Psychosocial Needs of People With Diabetes: An International Survey.

We investigated how COVID-19 has disrupted the work of health professionals who address behavioral and psychosocial needs of people with diabetes (PWD). English language emails were sent to members of five organizations that address psychosocial aspects of diabetes, inviting them to complete a one-time, anonymous, online survey. On a scale from 1=no problem, to 5=serious problem, respondents reported problems with the healthcare system, their workplaces, technology, and concerns about the PWD with whom they work.

Lifestyles Under Lockdown: A Scoping Review of International Studies on Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors During COVID-19.

Background: The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on diabetes self-management behaviors is unclear.

Objectives: This paper is a scoping review of studies examining health behaviors among people with type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Eligibility Criteria: We searched articles available in English using the Search terms "COVID" and "diabetes", and, separately, each of the following terms: "lifestyle", "health behavior", "self-care", "self-management", "adherence", "compliance", "eating", "diet", "physical activity", "exercise", "sleep", "self-monitoring of blood glucose", or "continuous glucose monitoring".

Intervention impact on the perceived emotion regulation repertoire of adolescents at-risk for risky sexual behaviors.

Recent calls have been made to evaluate the range, rather than the , of strategies within adolescents' emotion regulation repertoire. It is unknown whether an emotion regulation intervention may increase adolescents' emotion regulation repertoire. To examine the direct effect of an emotion regulation intervention on adolescents' perceived emotion regulation repertoire from baseline to immediately postintervention, when controlling for baseline problems with emotional awareness and participant sex.

Parental separation and death during childhood as predictors of adult psychopathology: An examination of racial differences.

Objective: Parental separation and parental death during childhood are common but understudied forms of adverse childhood events (ACEs), thus little is known about the impact on psychological functioning in adulthood. We examined whether parental death and parental separation during childhood was associated with risk of diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or personality disorders during adulthood. Second, we compared parental separation and parental death and psychopathology across African Americans ( = 499) and Whites ( = 782).

A Call to Action: Using and Extending Human-Centered Design Methodologies to Improve Mental and Behavioral Health Equity.

Mental health disparities directly tie to structural racism. Digital mental health (DMH), the use of technologies to deliver services, have been touted as a way to expand access to care and reduce disparities. However, many DMH fail to mitigate the persistent disparities associated with structural racism that impact delivery (e.

A Digital Health Program Targeting Physical Activity Among Adolescents With Overweight or Obesity: Open Trial.

Background: Prior studies suggest that mobile health physical activity programs that provide only weekly or daily text-based health coaching evidence limit the efficacy in improving physical activity in adolescents with overweight or obesity. It is possible that incentives, combined with health coaching and daily feedback on goal success, may increase program efficacy; however, such programs have not yet been tested with adolescents with overweight and obesity.

Objective: This study aims to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a 12-week, incentive-based, mobile health physical activity program with text-based health coaching, goal setting, and self-monitoring for adolescents with overweight or obesity.

Trajectories and biopsychosocial predictors of daily acute pain in adolescents receiving treatment for pain: a daily diary study.

Research regarding daily acute pain and its correlates has primarily been conducted with adolescents who have had major surgery or musculoskeletal pain, restraining efforts towards adapting interventions for adolescents with other sources of acute pain. We explored the trajectories and correlates of pain intensity. Adolescents with an opioid prescription to treat acute pain (N = 157) completed demographic questions, and the PROMIS pediatric depression and anxiety subscales.

Habit and diabetes self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: The development of habit (i.e., behavioral automaticity, the extent to which a behavior is performed with decreased thresholds for time, attention [effort], conscious awareness, and goal dependence), for goal-directed health behaviors facilitates health behavior engagement in daily life.

The role of COVID-19 fears and related behaviors in understanding daily adolescent health behaviors during the pandemic.

We examined the prospective associations of COVID-19 fears and behavior, and daily physical activity and dysregulated eating. Adolescents ( = 31) aged 11-17 completed selected subscales of the Fear of Illness and Virus Evaluation and completed a 7-day health behavior diary. Greater fear of contamination was associated with lower daily physical activity.

Toxins from harmful algae in fish from Scottish coastal waters.

Harmful algal bloom events are increasing in a number of water bodies around the world with significant economic impacts on the aquaculture, fishing and tourism industries. As well as their potential impacts on human health, toxin exposure from harmful algal blooms (HABs) has resulted in widespread morbidity and mortality in marine life, including top marine predators. There is therefore a need for an improved understanding of the trophic transfer, and persistence of toxins in marine food webs.

Daily Associations Between Positive Emotion and Obesity-Related Behaviors and Their Interconnections Within Adolescent-Caregiver Dyads.

Background Greater overall positive emotion has been linked with increased physical activity and overeating. High approach positive emotions (HAPEs), a subtype of positive emotion, are theorized to facilitate this goal-driven behavior. However, the day-to-day associations of HAPE and physical activity and overeating, including both at the individual level and within caregiver-adolescent dyads, remain unknown.

Effects of an anthropogenic diet on indicators of physiological challenge and immunity of white ibis nestlings raised in captivity.

When wildlife forage and/or live in urban habitats, they often experience a shift in resource availability and dietary quality. Some species even use human handouts, such as bread, as well as human refuse, as a large part of their new diets; yet the influences of this nutritional shift on health and survival remain unclear. American white ibises are increasingly being seen in urban areas in Florida; they collect handouts, such as bread and other food items, from humans in parks, and are also found foraging on anthropogenic sources in trash heaps.

Culturally sensitive clinical practices: A mixed methods study.

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to discover if and how clinicians integrate cultural factors into treatment, what specific 'culturally sensitive' practices clinicians utilize, and who clinicians use these practices with. In Study 1( = 9) qualitative interviews were conducted with psychologists who shared information about the culturally sensitive clinical practices that they utilize. Based on the results from Study 1, a survey was created for Study 2 and completed by 142 psychologists.

Independent ischemic stroke risk factors in older Americans: a systematic review.

The Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP) is a validated model for predicting 10-year ischemic stroke risk in middle-aged adults, yet has not been demonstrated to consistently translate in older populations. This is a systematic review of independent risk factors measured among 65 year olds, with subsequent first ischemic stroke, using PRISMA guidelines. We appraised peer-reviewed publications that included participants 65 years old at risk assessment.