The Influence of the Normal Mammary Microenvironment on Breast Cancer Cells.

The tumor microenvironment is recognized as performing a critical role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis of many cancers, including breast cancer. The breast cancer microenvironment is a complex mixture of cells consisting of tumor cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, and vascular cells, as well as noncellular components, such as extracellular matrix and soluble products. The interactions between the tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment modulate tumor behavior and affect the responses of cancer patients to therapies.

An Investigator-Initiated Trial of a Polymeric Emulsion of Halobetasol Propionate and Tazarotene in the Treatment of Palmoplantar Psoriasis.

Unlabelled: Copy: Palmoplantar psoriasis is a chronic, difficult-to-treat localized variant of psoriasis that affects the palms and soles, significantly affecting patient's quality of life.

Objective: To evaluate the synergistic effect of a fixed-combination topical lotion composed of halobetasol propionate 0.01% and tazarotene 0.

Development of an Integrated Salt Cartridge-Reverse Electrodialysis (Red) Device to Increase Electrolyte Concentrations to Biomedical Devices.

Emerging technologies in nanotechnology and biomedical engineering have led to an increase in the use of implantable biomedical devices. These devices are currently battery powered which often means they must be surgically replaced during a patient's lifetime. Therefore, there is an important need for a power source that could provide continuous, stable power over a prolonged time.

The effect of electron dose on positive polymethyl methacrylate resist for nanolithography of gold bowtie nanoantennas.

Plasmonic structures, such as bowtie nanoantennas, may be used in Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). Nanoantennas can be employed to amplify the biomolecular and chemical reactions, which is useful for biomedical applications. The electric field created by nanoantennas are optimized when the resonant wavelength of the probed laser light closely matches the resonant wavelength of the plasmonic structure.

Effect of Osteopathic Cranial Manipulative Medicine on an Aged Rat Model of Alzheimer Disease.

Context: In the aging brain, reduction in the pulsation of cerebral vasculature and fluid circulation causes impairment in the fluid exchange between different compartments and lays a foundation for the neuroinflammation that results in Alzheimer disease (AD). The knowledge that lymphatic vessels in the central nervous system play a role in the clearance of brain-derived metabolic waste products opens an unprecedented capability to increase the clearance of macromolecules such as amyloid β proteins. However, currently there is no pharmacologic mechanism available to increase fluid circulation in the aging brain.

A comparison of the lubrication behavior of whey protein model foods using tribology in linear and elliptical movement.

Unlabelled: Lubrication is an important factor in the sensory evaluation of food products. Tribology provides a theoretical framework and instrumental methods for evaluating frictional properties between two moving surfaces and the lubrication behavior of products between these surfaces. Relating frictional measurements to sensory properties detected during oral processing requires careful and pertinent choices in surface materials and testing conditions.

Caspase-11 Modulates Inflammation and Attenuates Toxoplasma gondii Pathogenesis.

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that is the etiologic agent responsible for toxoplasmosis. Infection with T. gondii results in activation of nucleotide binding domain and leucine rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs).

Cocoa and Whey Protein Differentially Affect Markers of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism and Satiety.

Food formulation with bioactive ingredients is a potential strategy to promote satiety and weight management. Whey proteins are high in leucine and are shown to decrease hunger ratings and increase satiety hormone levels; cocoa polyphenolics moderate glucose levels and slow digestion. This study examined the effects of cocoa and whey proteins on lipid and glucose metabolism and satiety in vitro and in a clinical trial.

A clinical guide to needle desensitization for the paediatric patient.

Needle phobia is a common problem encountered by dental practitioners and it can pose a challenge, especially in the paediatric patient. Needle desensitization can be used for patients who have needle fear or phobia and help them overcome this by repeated, non-threatening and controlled contacts. This paper will describe an accepted technique of needle desensitization and work through the steps required to achieve a successful outcome of local anaesthesia being delivered in a calm, safe and controlled manner.

Scalable holey graphene synthesis and dense electrode fabrication toward high-performance ultracapacitors.

Graphene has attracted a lot of attention for ultracapacitor electrodes because of its high electrical conductivity, high surface area, and superb chemical stability. However, poor volumetric capacitive performance of typical graphene-based electrodes has hindered their practical applications because of the extremely low density. Herein we report a scalable synthesis method of holey graphene (h-Graphene) in a single step without using any catalysts or special chemicals.

Intimate partner violence among pregnant and parenting Latina adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to examine the nature and extent of mutual violence among a sample of pregnant and parenting Latina adolescent females and their partners. The sample consisted of 73 Latina adolescent females between the ages of 14 and 20 who were referred to a community-based organization for case management, education, and psychosocial support for pregnant and parenting adolescents. They completed the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2) as part of a pretest to evaluate this intervention program.

Hypodontia in a patient with actinic prurigo: a case report.

Actinic prurigo is a rare form of light sensitivity not previously described with hypodontia in the dental literature. The purpose of this report was to describe both the medical and dental management of a 12-year-old boy presenting with actinic prurigo, hypodontia, crowding, caries, and tooth tissue loss. The phases of dental treatment and the multidisciplinary treatment of hypodontia are discussed.

Facilitating coping behavior in children prior to dental general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The aim of this study was to establish the efficacy of two different preparation packages, a paper-based cartoon and an interactive computer, at facilitating coping behavior in children undergoing dental general anesthetic (DGA) tooth extraction.

Method: A total of 198 children were allocated randomly to computer, cartoon or control groups. A Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS) were used to compare preoperative anxiety levels between the three study groups.