CLINICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC OCULAR FINDINGS IN AQUARIUM-HOUSED COWNOSE RAYS ().

Cownose rays () are susceptible to ocular disease with their prominent globes, but despite being popular animals housed in aquaria, there is little published information about their normal ocular anatomy and common pathologic ocular findings. A total of 63 live cownose rays (CNR) from three unrelated, separately housed groups had ocular examinations, and 5 adult rays were selected for ocular ultrasound. All examinations were performed out of the water, and most without anesthesia.

Topical ropivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% and lidocaine hydrochloride 2% significantly reduce corneal sensitivity without short-term negative side effects in horses.

Objective: To evaluate corneal sensitivity and acute side effects following application of ropivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% and lidocaine hydrochloride 2% on the healthy equine cornea.

Animals Studied: Eight healthy adult horses.

In vitro antibacterial efficacy of autologous conditioned plasma and amniotic membrane eye drops.

Objective: To determine the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of equine and canine autologous conditioned plasma (ACP) and amniotic membrane extract eye drops (AMEED) against aerobic bacteria common to the corneal surface.

Procedures: Canine (n = 4) and equine (n = 4) anticoagulated whole blood samples were sterilely collected, pooled for each species, and processed using the Arthrex ACP® Double-Syringe System. Platelet counts were performed on ACP and pooled blood.

Description of non-brachycephalic canine conjunctival microbiome before and after application of an antiseptic preparation.

Objective: To evaluate canine conjunctival microbiome before and after an antiseptic preparation using aerobic culture and DNA sequencing.

Animals Studied: Six healthy non-brachycephalic dogs.

Procedures: Dogs randomly received povidone-iodine 1:50 dilution solution in one eye with the second eye serving as a control.

Dorsally placed commercially available subpalpebral lavage systems have low complication rates in horses.

Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the complication rate following dorsal placement of a commercially available 1-hole subpalpebral lavage system (SPL) at a veterinary teaching hospital.

Animals: 102 client-owned horses with ophthalmic disease.

Procedures: Medical records of horses (2010 to 2020) with ophthalmic disease were reviewed to determine whether a commercially available SPL system was dorsally placed.

Corneal Surgery in the Cat: Diseases, considerations and techniques.

Practical Relevance: The ability to recognize, diagnose and treat corneal disease is essential for maintaining vision and comfort in feline patients. Being able to correctly identify appropriate techniques for surgical cases is of particular importance for success when performing corneal surgery.

Clinical Challenges: Many different corneal diseases present with similar clinical signs, and it can be hard to determine the appropriate treatment for individual patients.

Investigation of fluorescein stain-based tear film breakup time test reliability in dogs in a clinical setting.

Objective: To determine intra- and interobserver reliability of a fluorescein stain-based tear film breakup time (TFBUT) test as performed in a clinical environment with and without administration of a topical anesthetic.

Animals: 21 privately owned dogs.

Procedures: A randomized study design was used.

Surgical Correction of cicatricial Entropion in cattle: Two cases.

Utilization of the Hotz-Celsus technique with standing sedation and local nerve blocks in cattle provides adequate correction of cicatricial entropion.

Subconjunctival enucleation with orbital implant placement in standing horses: 20 cases (2014-2017).

Objective: To develop a protocol for subconjunctival enucleation and orbital implant placement in standing horses and to document short- and long-term complications, cosmesis, and client satisfaction.

Animals: 20 horses with nonneoplastic ocular disease requiring enucleation.

Procedures: A standardized protocol of surgical suite cleaning, patient preparation, sedation, local nerve blocks, surgical procedure, and postoperative care was performed.

The effects of subconjunctival bupivacaine, lidocaine, and mepivacaine on corneal sensitivity in healthy horses.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and duration of effect of three local anesthetics on corneal sensitivity when administered subconjunctivally in horses.

Animals Studied: Eight healthy adult horses.

Procedure: A randomized, masked, crossover study design was used, with a two-week washout period between trials.

Enucleation or exenteration in two dogs with previous parotid duct transposition: parotid duct ligation versus reverse parotid duct transposition.

Two dogs with previous parotid duct transpositions presented with unrelated ocular disease. In both cases, ophthalmic examination revealed the need for enucleation or exenteration. In case 1, systemic coccidioidomycosis was diagnosed with panuveitis and secondary glaucoma of the left eye.

Management of Orbital Diseases.

Orbital diseases are common in dogs and cats and can present on emergency due to the acute onset of many of these issues. The difficulty with diagnosis and therapy of orbital disease is that the location of the problem is not readily visible. The focus of this article is on recognizing classical clinical presentations of orbital disease, which are typically exophthalmos, strabismus, enophthalmos, proptosis, or intraconal swelling.

Hyphema: Considerations in the Small Animal Patient.

Classification, diagnosis, and treatment of hemorrhage into the anterior chamber of the eye, or hyphema, can be a challenging and frustrating process for many practitioners, especially in emergency situations. This review outlines an inclusive list of causes, diagnostics, and treatments for traumatic and nontraumatic hyphema in both canine and feline patients. The review is tailored to small animal practitioners, especially in emergency practice, and is designed to provide concise but thorough descriptions on investigating underlying causes of hyphema and treating accordingly.

Three cases of feline ocular coccidioidomycosis: presentation, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.

Objective: To describe clinical and diagnostic features of ocular coccidioidomycosis in cats and the response to fluconazole and anti-inflammatory therapy.

Animals Studied: Three cats with naturally acquired coccidioidomycosis.

Procedure: Cats were treated with topical or systemic corticosteroids and systemic fluconazole, an antifungal of unproven efficacy against feline ocular coccidioidomycosis.