Prospective, randomized, clinical trial on the effects of laparoscopic insufflation pressures on portal pressures in dogs.

Objective: The adverse effects of intra-abdominal pressure from capnoperitoneum on cardiovascular and pulmonary systems have been well documented, but the effects on portal pressures in dogs with various insufflation pressures is poorly defined. The aim of the present study was to measure the effect of a range of insufflation pressures on the portal pressure, using direct pressure measurements in patients undergoing laparoscopy.

Study Design: Clinical randomized prospective study.

Antinociceptive effects of bupivacaine injected within the internal abdominis rectus sheath in standing healthy horses.

Objective: To evaluate a regional anesthetic technique for blocking the abdominal midline in horses.

Study Design: Anatomical description and prospective, crossover, placebo-controlled, blinded study.

Animals: Adult horses; two cadavers, six healthy animals.

Effect of 15° Reverse Trendelenburg Position on Arterial Oxygen Tension during Isoflurane Anesthesia in Horses.

Lower than expected arterial oxygen tension (PaO) continues to be an unresolved problem in equine anesthesia. The aim of this randomized, crossover, and prospective study using six adult horses is to determine if a 15° reverse Trendelenburg position (RTP) increases PaO during inhalation anesthesia. Under constant-dose isoflurane anesthesia, dorsally recumbent horses were positioned either horizontally (HP) or in a 15° RTP for 2 h.

Ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block injections in miniature swine cadavers: technique description and distribution of two injectate volumes.

Objective: To describe a technique for ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block in pigs and the distribution of two injectate volumes.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Animals: A group of 11 Hanford miniature pig cadavers.

Targeting Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase and Cyclooxygenases Enhance Joint Pain Control, Stimulate Collagen Synthesis, and Protect Chondrocytes From Cytokine-Induced Apoptosis.

To determine the symptomatic and disease-modifying capabilities of sEH and COX inhibitors during joint inflammation. Using a blinded, randomized, crossover experimental design, 6 adult healthy horses were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 3 μg) from in a radiocarpal joint and concurrently received the non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor phenylbutazone (2 mg/kg), the sEH inhibitor -TUCB (1 mg/kg) or both (2 mg/kg phenylbutazone and 0.1, 0.

Novel Pathway of Adenosine Generation in the Lungs from NAD: Relevance to Allergic Airway Disease.

Adenosine and uric acid (UA) play a pivotal role in lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the present experiments, we measured adenosine synthesis from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in membranes prepared from wild type (WT) and CD38 knockout (CD38KO) mouse lungs, from cultured airway smooth muscle and epithelial cells, and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after airway challenge with epidemiologically relevant allergens. Adenosine was determined using an enzymatically coupled assay that produces ATP and is detected by luminescence.

Owner evaluation of quality of life and mobility in osteoarthritic cats treated with amantadine or placebo.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine if amantadine improves owner-identified mobility impairment and quality of life associated with osteoarthritis in cats.

Methods: Using a blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover design, 13 healthy client-owned cats with clinical and radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis and owner-identified mobility impairment were studied. Cats received 5 mg/kg amantadine or placebo q24h PO for 3 weeks each with no washout period in between.

Anesthetic risk during subsequent anesthetic events in brachycephalic dogs that have undergone corrective airway surgery: 45 cases (2007-2019).

Objective: To determine whether previous corrective upper airway surgery in brachycephalic dogs would decrease perianesthetic complications in subsequent anesthetic events.

Animals: 45 client-owned dogs.

Procedures: Brachycephalic dogs undergoing any combination of staphylectomy, nasal alaplasty, or laryngeal sacculectomy that were anesthetized at a later date for additional surgical procedures or imaging from August 2, 2007, to February 8, 2019, had their medical records reviewed during both anesthetic events for signalment, American Society of Anesthesiologists status, perianesthetic drug administration, anesthetic duration, presence and total time of positive-pressure ventilation, procedure invasiveness, and perianesthetic complications such as bradycardia, hypothermia, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, vomiting or regurgitation, dysphoria, respiratory distress, hypoxemia, reintubation, and prolonged periods of recovery.

Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of xylazine and dexmedetomidine in horses recovering from isoflurane anesthesia.

This study determined the pharmacokinetics and compared the clinical effects of xylazine and dexmedetomidine in horses recovering from isoflurane anesthesia. Six healthy horses aged 8.5 ± 3 years and weighing 462 ± 50 kg were anesthetized with isoflurane for 2 hr under standard conditions on two occasions one-week apart.

Why Methylene Blue Have to Be Always Present in the Stocking of Emergency Antidotes.

Evidence-based review of the existing literature ultimately recommends stocking of Methylene Blue (MB) as an emergency antidote in the United States. The same is reported around the world in Japan, Greece, Italy and Canada. The observation that MB is always present as the main antidote required in emergency and critical care units calls for a revisit on its effects on the NO/cGMP system to reemphasize its multisystem actions.

Transversus abdominis plane block in ponies: a preliminary anatomical study.

Objective: To describe a single-site transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block technique in horses.

Study Design: Prospective, descriptive, experimental anatomical study.

Animals: Four adult pony cadavers.

Guanylate cyclase inhibition by methylene blue in circulatory shock caused by acute necrotizing pancreatitis: a word of caution based on a porcine model.

Objective: To study the therapeutic application of guanylate cyclase inhibition by methylene blue in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis in pigs.

Methods: acute necrotizing pancreatitis was induced in anesthetized pigs by the retrograde infusion of 1 ml/kg of 5% sodium taurocholate and 8 U/kg enterokinase in the pancreatic duct. Three groups were studied (n = 5): control (C), pancreatitis (AP), and MB bolus followed by pancreatitis (MB+P).

Effects of anesthetic drugs on canine splenic volume determined via computed tomography.

Objective: To evaluate effects of commonly used anesthetics administered as single bolus injections on splenic volume.

Animals: 10 adult Beagles.

Procedures: A randomized crossover study was conducted.

Conservation of avian germplasm by xenogeneic transplantation of spermatogonia from sexually mature donors.

Approximately 12.5% of all 9,920 extant bird species in the world are threatened with extinction, and yet conservation efforts through natural breeding of captive species continue to encounter difficulties. However, sperm cryopreservation and artificial insemination offer potential benefits over natural breeding, but their applicability is still limited in nondomestic species.

[Emergency care for victims of violence and accidents: differences in the epidemiological profile between the public and private health services. VIVA--Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, 2009].

The scope of this study is to analyze the differences in the profile of emergency care for external causes between public and private emergency departments. With data come from VIVA-Campinas 2009, the association between the nature of healthcare and the characteristics of the victims was verified using the chi-square test. Using Poisson regression, proportion ratios of care in the public and private network were estimated.

Oxidative stress is not associated with vascular dysfunction in a model of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Objectives: To verify if an experimental model of alloxan-diabetic rats promotes oxidative stress, reduces nitric oxide bioavailability and causes vascular dysfunction, and to evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on these parameters.

Methods: Alloxan-diabetic rats were treated or not with NAC for four weeks. Plasmatic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite/nitrate (NOx), the endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and iNOS) immunostaining and the vascular reactivity of aorta were compared among diabetic (D), treated diabetic (TD) and control (C) rats.

Vascular relaxation of canine visceral arteries after ischemia by means of supraceliac aortic cross-clamping followed by reperfusion.

Background: The supraceliac aortic cross-clamping can be an option to save patients with hipovolemic shock due to abdominal trauma. However, this maneuver is associated with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury strongly related to oxidative stress and reduction of nitric oxide bioavailability. Moreover, several studies demonstrated impairment in relaxation after I/R, but the time course of I/R necessary to induce vascular dysfunction is still controversial.

Exhaled breath condensate collection for nitrite dosage: a safe and low cost adaptation.

Purpose: Standardization of a simple and low cost technique of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection to measure nitrite.

Methods: Two devices were mounted in polystyrene boxes filled either with crushed ice/salt crystals or dry ice/crushed ice. Blood samples were stored at -70 degrees C for posterior nitrite dosages by chemiluminescence and the Griess reaction.

Diabetes and vascular disease: basic concepts of nitric oxide physiology, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and therapeutic possibilities.

The vascular manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) result from the dysfunction of several vascular physiology components mainly involving the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle and platelets. It is also known that hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress plays a role in the development of this dysfunction. This review considers the basic physiology of the endothelium, especially related to the synthesis and function of nitric oxide.

Glycol methacrylate-embedding medium to study morphological alterations of saphenous vein under brief and crescent pressurizations.

Purpose: This study sought to evaluate the efficiency of glycol methacrylate-embedding medium to detect morphological alterations of human saphenous vein submitted to brief and crescent pressurizations.

Methods: Saphenous veins of 20 CABG patients were randomly distributed into four experimental groups (control, 100, 200 and 300 mmHg pressures during 15 seconds). To quantify the percentage of endothelium spread over vein surface a microscope magnification of 100x was used for measurements.

Evaluation of the mitochondrial respiration of cardiac myocytes in rats submitted to mechanical bile duct obstruction.

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of the myocardium for energy production by the analysis of mitochondrial respiration in rats with jaundice submitted to bile duct ligature.

Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats were divided into 2 Groups: Group SO submitted to nontherapeutic laparotomy (sham operation) and Group IC (icteric group) submitted to bile duct ligature. After 7 days, laparotomy was again performed in all animals for cardiac muscle extraction and analysis.

Methylene blue improves hemodynamic shock but increases lipoperoxidation in severe acute pancreatitis pig model.

Purpose: Study hemodynamic pattern and lipoperoxidation during methylene blue (MB) treatment on taurocholate - enterokinase induced acute pancreatitis (AP).

Methods: Thirty pigs were equally divided in control group; MB group; AP group; MB previous AP group; and MB after 90 min of induced AP group. MB was given iv in a bolus dose (2 mg.