Integrating HIV testing into immunological studies of non-HIV-related diseases.

HIV testing is now required for non-HIV-AIDS-related immunological studies in areas of high HIV prevalence. Ethical guidelines for testing in these circumstances need clarification and sensitive protocols need to be developed.

Variation of malaria transmission and morbidity with altitude in Tanzania and with introduction of alphacypermethrin treated nets.

Background: Highland areas with naturally less intense malaria transmission may provide models of how lowland areas might become if transmission was permanently reduced by sustained vector control. It has been argued that vector control should not be attempted in areas of intense transmission.

Methods: Mosquitoes were sampled with light traps, pyrethrum spray and window exit traps.