Treating obesity in patients with cardiovascular disease: the pharmacotherapeutic options.

Introduction: Obesity is a growing health problem that has numerous comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). The multi-disciplinary treatment of obesity now includes the use of pharmacotherapy. When treating patients with obesity and CVD, certain medications may be more appropriate than others.

Intestinal and Gastric Origins for Diabetes Resolution After Bariatric Surgery.

Purpose Of Review: This paper will review the intestinal and gastric origins for diabetes resolution after bariatric surgery.

Recent Findings: In addition to the known metabolic effects of changes in the gut hormonal milieu, more recent studies investigating the role of the microbiome and bile acids and changes in nutrient sensing mechanisms have been shown to have glycemic effects in human and animal models. Independent of weight loss, there are multiple mechanisms that may lead to amelioration or resolution of diabetes following bariatric surgery.