Evidence for the Hepato-Retinal Axis: A Systematic Review.

Background And Objective: Liver health has been reported to be associated with retinal pathology in various ways. These include deposition of retino-toxins, neovascular drive, and disruption of the blood-retina barrier. Extrahepatic synthesis of implicated molecules and hemodynamic changes in liver dysfunction are also considered.

Deep learning-based algorithm for the detection of idiopathic full thickness macular holes in spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Background: Automated identification of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features can improve retina clinic workflow efficiency as they are able to detect pathologic findings. The purpose of this study was to test a deep learning (DL)-based algorithm for the identification of Idiopathic Full Thickness Macular Hole (IFTMH) features and stages of severity in SD-OCT B-scans.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, subjects solely diagnosed with either IFTMH or Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD) were identified excluding secondary causes of macular holes, any concurrent maculopathies, or incomplete records.

Macular Thickness Fluctuations in Eyes With Diabetic Macular Edema Treated With Intravitreal Steroid.

Background And Objective: Macular thickness fluctuations (MTF) over time may be more predictive of visual outcomes than absolute macular thickness in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). It is unclear whether this association exists in DME patients treated with intravitreal steroids or whether steroids confer reduced MTF versus anti-VEGF treatments.

Patients And Methods: MTF was compared before and after initiation of steroids in DME patients treated with intravitreal steroids.

Evaluation of the Content of Ophthalmology Fellowship Program Web sites.

 To assess the availability and content of fellowship program Web sites (FPWs) among ophthalmology subspecialties.  This is a cross-sectional study.  Web sites of all Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology-accredited fellowship programs in five subspecialties (i.

Association of macular hole intraretinal fluid and visual acuity.

Objective: This study investigates the association between preoperative intraretinal fluid (IRF) area and preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in surgically repaired idiopathic macular holes (MH). This study further evaluates other prognostic indices related to MH repair that may assist clinicians' understanding of MH operative management.

Design: Retrospective cohort study conducted at a single institution.

Meta-Analyses of Two Treatment Regimens for Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Background And Objectives: To pool available data on the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), and number of injections as reported by treat and extend (T&E) and pro re nata (PRN) regimens for retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Materials And Methods: After PubMed was queried, separate random effect models were fitted to the data extracted and the Wald test was used to compare the estimates of the two independent meta-analyses.

Results: Fourteen T&E and 29 PRN studies were included in two independent meta-analyses.

Outcomes in patients with retinal vein occlusion with good baseline visual acuity.

Background: Intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) are first-line therapy for macular oedema in retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Appropriate management for RVO with good visual acuity at diagnosis has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study is to analyse the visual and anatomic outcomes from anti-VEGF treatment among RVO patients with good vision at baseline.

Baseline Diabetic Retinopathy Severity and Time to Diabetic Macular Edema Resolution with Ranibizumab Treatment: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Having a better understanding of how long diabetic macular edema (DME) takes to resolve in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) after treatment with ranibizumab, and the factors affecting this outcome, would be of benefit to physicians and patients alike. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the time to first DME resolution and the impact of baseline DR severity on this outcome in patients treated with ranibizumab in phase III clinical trials.

Design: Meta-analysis of data from the phase III trials, RIDE (NCT00473382) and RISE (NCT00473330), and DR Clinical Research Network protocols I (NCT00444600), S (NCT01489189), and T (NCT01627249).

Baseline factors and reason for cancellation of elective ophthalmic surgery.

Objectives: To determine the baseline risk factors for elective ophthalmic surgery cancellations and characterise the reasons for cancellation.

Methods: This is a retrospective, non-randomised study performed at a large tertiary ophthalmic centre. It included a consecutive sample of patients above the age of 18 who had an ophthalmic surgery scheduled at Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH between January 2012 and December 2019.

Time to fellow eye involvement in patients with unilateral diabetic macular oedema.

Objective: To examine the time to onset of disease in the fellow eye of patients with unilateral DMO in routine clinical practice and to identify risk factors for development of bilateral DMO.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: One hundred forty treatment-naive patients 18 years or older with unilateral DMO presenting to Cole Eye Institute between January 2012 and July 2021.

Functional Imaging of Mitochondria in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Flavoprotein Fluorescence.

Purpose: Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Oxidized mitochondrial flavoprotein fluorescence (FPF) may serve as a quantifiable biomarker of oxidative stress, reported as either mean score for the entire image (intensity) or variability (heterogeneity). This study examines FPF intensity and heterogeneity across a large patient cohort of various Beckman stages of AMD.

The Impact of Travel Distance on Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Presentation and Outcomes.

Background And Objective: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) requires urgent surgical intervention. The effect of travel distance on RRD outcomes is unclear.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 642 patients who underwent RRD repair at Cole Eye Institute from 2012 to 2020.

Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in Retinal Vein Occlusion in Routine Clinical Practice.

Background And Objective: To characterize treatment patterns for retinal vein occlusion (RVO)-related macular edema (ME) in routine clinical practice and its impact on long-term best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST).

Patients And Methods: Retrospective study of 365 eyes with branch RVO (BRVO) or central/hemi-RVO (CRVO/HRVO)-related ME between 2003 and 2020. Regression analysis identified factors associated with maintenance injection interval (MII).

Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: Variations in Clinical Presentation and Surgical Outcomes by Socioeconomic Status and Race.

Background And Objective: To characterize rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) presentation and repair outcomes by race and socioeconomic status.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective cohort one-center study of adults with a new RRD repair from 2012 to 2020. Logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted.

Time to Resolution of Diabetic Macular Edema after Treatment with Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection or Laser in VISTA and VIVID.

Objective: To assess the relationship between baseline factors and time to diabetic macular edema (DME) resolution.

Design: Post hoc analysis of VISTA and VIVID.

Participants: Eyes with baseline central subfield thickness (CST) of ≥ 290 μm.

Opioid Prescription in Ophthalmology and the Impact of a Decision Support Tool in Reducing Excess Dosing.

Purpose: To characterize opioid prescribing in ophthalmology and to determine the impact of an alert system on opioid prescription patterns.

Design: Retrospective pre- and post-implementation study.

Methods: The study population included individuals aged ≥18 years who received opioids written by ophthalmologists within a tertiary care center between January 3, 2015, and November 3, 2021, in the context of an opioid alert system.

Influence of Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Factors in Idiopathic Macular Hole Presentation and Surgical Outcomes.

Background And Objective: To characterize the influence of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors on idiopathic macular hole (IMH) presentation and surgical outcomes.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with IMH who underwent surgical repair collected IMH data from optical coherence tomography scans as well as demographic information. Univariate and multivariate regression models interrogated relevant relationships.

Performance of a Machine-Learning Computational Image Analysis Algorithm in Retinal Fluid Quantification for Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema and Retinal Vein Occlusions.

Background And Objective: The objective is to validate an automated artificial intelligence model in detecting and quantifying fluid in diabetic macular edema (DME) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) optical coherence tomography images.

Patients And Methods: DME ( = 100) and RVO ( = 100) images of adult patients were reviewed. The performance of machine-learning (ML) computational image analysis algorithm was evaluated against consensus manual grading.

Characterization of ophthalmology virtual visits during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: To characterize the use of virtual visits, as well as compare the characteristics to in-person visits during the pandemic period.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who had virtual and in-person ophthalmology visits from March 19, 2020, to July 31, 2020, in a large multispecialty ophthalmic center. Exclusion criteria included patients aged less than 18 years old; canceled, incomplete, mislabelled, and duplicated visits.

Patient Satisfaction in the Era of COVID-19: Virtual Visit versus In-person Visit Satisfaction.

Significance: Teleophthalmology became widely used during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic; however, the quality of this care remains to be understood.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare patient satisfaction levels from virtual and in-person visits based on post-visit surveys, as well as investigate demographic characteristics that may predict patient satisfaction with virtual visits.

Methods: Virtual (n = 2943) and in-person (n = 56,175) visits from March 19, 2020, to July 31, 2020, were identified using the electronic health record system.

Determining the Location of the Fovea Centralis Via En-Face SLO and Cross-Sectional OCT Imaging in Patients Without Retinal Pathology.

Purpose: The purpose was to establish the position of the fovea centralis to the optic nerve via en-face, near-infrared spectral domain optical coherence tomography (NIR-OCT) in healthy patients. This may shed light on physiological variability and be used for studying subtle cases of foveal ectopia in macular pathology and after retinal detachment.

Methods: SD-OCT data of 890 healthy eyes were retrospectively analyzed.

Photobiomodulation therapy in age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose Of Review: To review the available data supporting the use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBT) in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Recent Findings: PBT might be used in treating nonexudative AMD. Limited evidence suggests that exudative AMD may also benefit from PBT.