Transformational Teacher Leadership and Physical Education Students' Intention to be Active: The Mediating Roles of Motor Self-Efficacy and Enjoyment.

Previous research has highlighted positive associations between physical education (PE) teachers' transformational leadership and their adolescent students' intentions to be active. However, no prior investigators have addressed mediating variables of students' motor self-efficacy and enjoyment. Our aim in this study was to re-analyze the relationships between teachers' transformational leadership style and PE students' intentions to be active, while also examining the roles of motor self-efficacy and enjoyment as potential mediators in these relationships.

Engagement in Transformational Leadership by Teachers Influences the Levels of Self-Esteem, Motor Self-Efficacy, Enjoyment, and Intention to Be Active in Physical Education Students.

In the school context, the teacher-student interaction style plays a pivotal role in ensuring optimal adolescent functioning. Over recent years, the significance of transformational teacher leadership in fostering student engagement and positive development has been underscored. This study aimed to examine the correlations between transformational leadership and adolescent self-esteem, motor self-efficacy, enjoyment in physical education classes, and intention for future physical activity.

The Time Course of Audio-Visual Phoneme Identification: a High Temporal Resolution Study.

Speech unfolds in time and, as a consequence, its perception requires temporal integration. Yet, studies addressing audio-visual speech processing have often overlooked this temporal aspect. Here, we address the temporal course of audio-visual speech processing in a phoneme identification task using a Gating paradigm.

Large-scale network-level processes during entrainment.

Visual rhythmic stimulation evokes a robust power increase exactly at the stimulation frequency, the so-called steady-state response (SSR). Localization of visual SSRs normally shows a very focal modulation of power in visual cortex and led to the treatment and interpretation of SSRs as a local phenomenon. Given the brain network dynamics, we hypothesized that SSRs have additional large-scale effects on the brain functional network that can be revealed by means of graph theory.

Visual information constrains early and late stages of spoken-word recognition in sentence context.

Audiovisual speech perception has been frequently studied considering phoneme, syllable and word processing levels. Here, we examined the constraints that visual speech information might exert during the recognition of words embedded in a natural sentence context. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to words that could be either strongly or weakly predictable on the basis of the prior semantic sentential context and, whose initial phoneme varied in the degree of visual saliency from lip movements.

Cross-modal prediction in speech depends on prior linguistic experience.

The sight of a speaker's facial movements during the perception of a spoken message can benefit speech processing through online predictive mechanisms. Recent evidence suggests that these predictive mechanisms can operate across sensory modalities, that is, vision and audition. However, to date, behavioral and electrophysiological demonstrations of cross-modal prediction in speech have considered only the speaker's native language.

Cross-modal prediction in speech perception.

Speech perception often benefits from vision of the speaker's lip movements when they are available. One potential mechanism underlying this reported gain in perception arising from audio-visual integration is on-line prediction. In this study we address whether the preceding speech context in a single modality can improve audiovisual processing and whether this improvement is based on on-line information-transfer across sensory modalities.