Novel Template Plasmids pCyaA'-Kan and pCyaA'-Cam for Generation of Unmarked Chromosomal ' Translational Fusion to T3SS Effectors in .

The type III secretion systems (T3SS) encoded in pathogenicity islands SPI-1 and SPI-2 are key virulence factors of . These systems translocate proteins known as effectors into eukaryotic cells during infection. To characterize the functionality of T3SS effectors, gene fusions to the reporter of are often used.

Effects of leptin administration on development, vascularization and function of Corpus luteum in alpacas submitted to pre-ovulatory fasting.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of leptin administration on the development, vascularization and function of Corpus luteum (CL) in alpacas submitted to pre-ovulatory fasting. Fourteen alpacas were kept in fasting conditions for 72h and received five doses of o-leptin (2μg/kg e.v.