Relationship between fundus of the eye examination and arterial stiffness.

This review addresses the correlation between arterial stiffness, measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), and retinal microvascular changes, highlighting the retina as an important accessible window for inferences about cardiovascular health. Arterial stiffness, intrinsically linked to vascular aging and several comorbidities, results in damage to the microcirculation, including ocular vasculature, which can act as a predictor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. The review highlights the relationship between PWV assessment and funduscopic examination, with the aim of improving diagnostic accuracy and optimizing the clinical application of these tools in the management of cardiovascular and ophthalmological diseases, thus promoting more effective and early intervention.

Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in Autoimmune Retinopathy.

Purpose: To describe the results of an intravitreal dexamethasone implant in managing autoimmune retinopathy (AIR).

Methods: Two patients affected by AIR underwent intravitreal dexamethasone implantation and were followed by ocular coherence tomography, visual fields, and electroretinography.

Results: The patients showed an interruption of the functional losses and remained stable with semestral injections.

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Classification.

Central serous chorioretinopathy is characterized by an idiopathic neurosensory detachment of the retina. This narrative review aims to discuss the classification system used for central serous chorioretinopathy. Based on our current knowledge, there is no universally adopted classification system.