Adenosine A Receptors in the Rat Prelimbic Medial Prefrontal Cortex Control Delay-Based Cost-Benefit Decision Making.

Adenosine A receptors (ARs) were recently described to control synaptic plasticity and network activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We now probed the role of these PFC AR by evaluating the behavioral performance (locomotor activity, anxiety-related behavior, cost-benefit decision making and working memory) of rats upon downregulation of AR selectively in the prelimbic medial PFC (PLmPFC) via viral small hairpin RNA targeting the AR (shAR). The most evident alteration observed in shAR-treated rats, when compared to sh-control (shCTRL)-treated rats, was a decrease in the choice of the large reward upon an imposed delay of 15 s assessed in a T-maze-based cost-benefit decision-making paradigm, suggestive of impulsive decision making.

Rosmarinic acid prevents against memory deficits in ischemic mice.

Polyphenols have neuroprotective effects after brain ischemia. It has been demonstrated that rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural phenolic compound, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. To evaluate the effectiveness of RA against memory deficits induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) mice were treated with RA (0.

Caffeic acid protects mice from memory deficits induced by focal cerebral ischemia.

Brain ischemia pathophysiology involves a complex cascade of events such as inflammation and oxidative stress that lead to neuronal loss and cognitive deficits. Caffeic acid (CA) is a natural phenolic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. To evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy of this compound in mice subjected to a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, animals were pretreated and post-treated with CA, 2, 20, and 60 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally, at 24, 48, 72, 96, or 120 h after ischemia.

Vitamin E does not prevent bone loss and induced anxiety in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E on alveolar bone loss (ABL) and anxiety in rats with ligature-induced experimental periodontitis (EP).

Material And Methods: Wistar rats were subjected to ligature-induced EP and treated with vitamin E (500mg/kg, orally) for 9 days. Then anxiety was tested using the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test.

Effect of venlafaxine on bone loss associated with ligature-induced periodontitis in Wistar rats.

Background: The present study investigated the effects of venlafaxine, an antidepressant drug with immunoregulatory properties on the inflammatory response and bone loss associated with experimental periodontal disease (EPD).

Materials And Methods: Wistar rats were subjected to a ligature placement around the second upper left molar. The treated groups received orally venlafaxine (10 or 50 mg/kg) one hour before the experimental periodontal disease induction and daily for 10 days.

Gastroprotective effect of barbatusin and 3-beta-hydroxy-3-deoxibarbatusin, quinonoid diterpenes isolated from Plectranthus grandis, in ethanol-induced gastric lesions in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Validate the popular use of Plectranthus grandis in gastric disorders through the active components.

Aims: Isolation of barbatusin (BB) and 3beta-hydroxy-3-deoxibarbatusin (BBOH), diterpenes from Plectranthus grandis, and evaluation of their gastroprotective effect and possible mechanisms of action.

Materials And Methods: Isolation and chemical characterization of diterpenes from Plectranthus grandis by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods and evaluation of gastroprotective action of the diterpenes through ethanol-induced gastric injury in mice model.