Characterization and clinical management of clozapine-induced fever.

Objective: To characterize clozapine-induced fever and suggest clinically relevant management recommendations.

Data Sources: Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1966-June 2007) using the terms clozapine, fever, and adverse effects. In addition, reference citations from publications identified were reviewed.

Ritonavir, saquinavir, and efavirenz, but not nevirapine, inhibit bile acid transport in human and rat hepatocytes.

Human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on antiretroviral drug therapy frequently experience hepatotoxicity, the underlying mechanism of which is poorly understood. Hepatotoxicity from other compounds such as bosentan and troglitazone has been attributed, in part, to inhibition of hepatocyte bile acid excretion. This work tested the hypothesis that antiretroviral drugs modulate hepatic bile acid transport.