Natural hemozoin and β-hematin induce tissue damage and apoptosis in human placental explants.

Unlabelled: Hemozoin (HZ) is a waste product of hemoglobin digestion by and has been implicated in several pathological processes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Studying the effects of HZ on the human placenta is essential to understanding the impact of malaria infection during pregnancy. The present study explored the impact of HZ produced by and β-hematin, referred to here as natural HZ (nHZ) and synthetic HZ (sHZ), respectively, on human placental explants exposed .

Alteration of Trophoblast Syncytialization by -Infected Erythrocytes.

Malaria during pregnancy has been associated with significant risks to both the mother and the fetus, leading to complications such as anemia, low birth weight, and increased infant mortality. The trophoblast cells, a key component of the placenta, are crucial for nutrient and oxygen exchange between mother and fetus. The differentiation of cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) into syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) is critical for proper pregnancy development.

Plasmodium falciparum alters the trophoblastic barrier and stroma villi organization of human placental villi explants.

Background: The sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes in the placenta, and the resulting inflammatory response affects maternal and child health. Despite existing information, little is known about the direct impact of P. falciparum on the placental barrier formed by trophoblast and villous stroma.

Assessment of the Integrity and Function of Human Term Placental Explants in Short-Term Culture.

Human placental explants (HPEs) culture has generated significant interest as a valuable in vitro model for studying tissue functions in response to adverse conditions, such as fluctuations in oxygen levels, nutrient availability, exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, and toxic compounds. HPEs offers the advantage of replicating the intricate microenvironment and cell-to-cell communication involved in this critical and transient organ. Although HPEs culture conditions have been extensively discussed, a protocol for assessing the viability and function of HPEs during short-term culture has not been previously outlined.

Molecular mechanisms by which the HIV-1 latent reservoir is established and therapeutic strategies for its elimination.

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir, composed of cells harboring the latent, integrated virus, is not eliminated by antiretroviral therapy. It therefore represents a significant barrier to curing the infection. The biology of HIV-1 reservoirs, the mechanisms of their persistence, and effective strategies for their eradication are not entirely understood.

Submicroscopic placental malaria: histopathology and expression of physiological process mediators.

Objetives: To relate histopathological events of placental malaria (PM), immune cell behavior and gene expression associated with cytokines, hypoxia, inflammation and angiogenesis in placentas with or without plasmodial infection.

Materials And Methods: Transversal design, with three independent groups. Women were recruited, and their placentas were collected in 2009-2016, in the hospitals of Puerto Libertador and Tierralta, northwestern Colombia.