Landscape of germline variants in breast and ovarian cancer in Peru.

Background: There is an increasing amount of data from Latin America on the characterization of BRCA variants; however, there is limited information from Peru. We conducted a retrospective study to describe germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic(P/LP) variants and variants of uncertain/unknown significance (VUS) in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in Peru, in patients with breast and ovarian cancer, candidates for treatment with poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors.

Methods: The patients were evaluated during the period 2019-2021.

The E1a Adenoviral Gene Upregulates the Yamanaka Factors to Induce Partial Cellular Reprogramming.

The induction of pluripotency by enforced expression of different sets of genes in somatic cells has been achieved with reprogramming technologies first described by Yamanaka's group. Methodologies for generating induced pluripotent stem cells are as varied as the combinations of genes used. It has previously been reported that the adenoviral E1a gene can induce the expression of two of the Yamanaka factors (c-Myc and Oct-4) and epigenetic changes.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Delivery in Individuals with Different Pathologies: Multimodal Tracking, Safety and Future Applications.

Due to their ease of isolation and their properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely investigated. MSCs have been proved capable of migration towards areas of inflammation, including tumors. Therefore, they have been suggested as vectors to carry therapies, specifically to neoplasias.

Influence of Sex in the Molecular Characteristics and Outcomes of Malignant Tumors.

Background: Sex is frequently underestimated as a prognostic biomarker in cancer. In this study, we evaluated a large cohort of patients and public datasets to determine the influence of sex on clinical outcomes, mutational status, and activation of immune pathways in different types of cancer.

Methods: A cohort of 13,619 Oncosalud-affiliated patients bearing sex-unrelated cancers was followed over a 20-year period.

Correction: Gold nanoparticle coatings as efficient adenovirus carriers to non-infectable stem cells.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C8RA09088B.].

Gold nanoparticle coatings as efficient adenovirus carriers to non-infectable stem cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult pluripotent cells with the plasticity to be converted into different cell types. Their self-renewal capacity, relative ease of isolation, expansion and inherent migration to tumors, make them perfect candidates for cell therapy against cancer. However, MSCs are notoriously refractory to adenoviral infection, mainly because CAR (Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor) expression is absent or downregulated.

Distribution of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in glioblastoma.

Aim: Evaluation of features related to infiltrating immune cell level in glioblastoma.

Methods: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) through H&E staining, and TILs (CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD20) and macrophage (CD68 and CD163) levels through immunohistochemistry were evaluated through digital analysis.

Results: CD68 (9.

Impact of pathological features of brain metastases in prognosis.

Aim: To evaluate the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and Ki67 in brain metastasis lesions, and the effect of adding them to variables of graded prognostic assessment score.

Patients & Methods: Clinicopathological information from 111 medical charts of brain metastasis patients was obtained, and TIL distribution (n = 84), Ki67 index (n = 79) and CD3 TIL (n = 64) were prospectively evaluated.

Results: Most frequent TIL pattern was perivascular (67.

MGMT promoter methylation in Peruvian patients with glioblastoma.

Purpose: O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase () promoter methylation predicts the outcome and response to alkylating chemotherapy in glioblastoma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of methylation in Peruvian glioblastoma cases.

Patients And Methods: We evaluated retrospectively 50 cases of resected glioblastoma during the period 2008-2013 at Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas in Peru.

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in triple negative breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Aim: To determine influence of neoadjuvant-chemotherapy (NAC) over tumor-infiltrating-lymphocytes (TIL) in triple-negative-breast-cancer (TNBC).

Methods: TILs were evaluated in 98 TNBC cases who came to Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas from 2005 to 2010. Immunohistochemistry staining for CD3, CD4, CD8 and FOXP3 was performed in tissue microarrays (TMA) sections.

[Glioblastoma: Molecular analysis and its clinical implications].

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and most lethal primary brain tumor. Epidemiologic information indicate that its incidence is lower in Hispanic race. Surgery is the only curative strategy and has recently introduced new strategies that increase resection rates.

Prognostic factors for patients with newly diagnosed brain metastasis from breast cancer.

Aim: This retrospective study determined features associated with brain metastasis (BM) in women with breast cancer.

Patients & Methods: A total of 215 initially early breast cancer cases were included. We reviewed files and CT scan images of BM.

Tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells used as vehicles for anti-tumor therapy exert different in vivo effects on migration capacity and tumor growth.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been promoted as an attractive option to use as cellular delivery vehicles to carry anti-tumor agents, owing to their ability to home into tumor sites and secrete cytokines. Multiple isolated populations have been described as MSCs, but despite extensive in vitro characterization, little is known about their in vivo behavior.The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and efficiency of different MSC lineages derived from five different sources (bone marrow, adipose tissue, epithelial endometrium, stroma endometrium, and amniotic membrane), in order to assess their adequacy for cell-based anti-tumor therapies.

Using living cells to transport therapeutic genes for cancer treatment.

One of the key problems in cancer gene therapy is the inefficient delivery of therapeutic transgenes to tumour sites, after the systemic injection of the viral vector. Hence, new vector discovery is extremely important for the improvement of gene therapy results. Previously, mammalian cells were proposed as new vector systems; however with recent advances in stem cell research this modality makes them more suitable candidates.

Uveal vs. cutaneous melanoma. Origins and causes of the differences.

Melanoma is a malignant tumour derived from melanocytes (dendritic cells originated from the neural crest and capable to produce melanin synthesis) that could be established on the skin or less frequently on the uvea. The cellular origin from both kind of melanoma seems to be the same but the melanocytes migrates to the epithelia for cutaneous melanoma, while for uveal melanoma, they migrate to mesodermic tissues. Despite the common origin, both melanomas show extreme differences in their metastatic potential, clinical response to treatments, immune response and genetic alterations.