Dietary inflammatory index and inflammatory markers in Brazilian adolescents.

Objective: To evaluate the association between the inflammatory potential of the diet measured by the energy-adjusted diet inflammatory index (E-DII) and inflammatory markers in adolescents.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 518 adolescents aged 18 and 19 years from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil in 2016. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake from which E-DII scores were calculated to determine the inflammatory potential of the diet.

Association between breast feeding and food consumption according to the degree of processing in Brazil: a cohort study.

Background: The benefits of breast feeding may be associated with better formation of eating habits beyond childhood. This study was designed to verify the association between breast feeding and food consumption according to the degree of processing in four Brazilian birth cohorts.

Methods: The duration of exclusive, predominant and total breast feeding was evaluated.

Iodine Intake and its Interindividual Variability in Brazilian Pregnant Women: EMDI Brazil Study.

Data on pregnant women's iodine intake are limited in Brazil. The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of foods, food groups, and food subgroups to the Brazilian pregnant women's iodine intake, and identify which food items explain the interindividual variability of their intake. A cross-sectional study with food consumption data of 2247 pregnant women from 24-h recalls was developed.

Birth weight and bone mineral density at 18-19 years: birth cohort 1997-1998.

Objective: To analyze the association between birth weight and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescence.

Methods: A birth cohort study in São Luís, Maranhão, using data from two moments: at birth and at 18-19 years. Exposure was the birth weight in grams, continuously analyzed.

Racial and regional inequality in the temporal trend of stunting and excess weight in Brazilian children under five years of age.

Objective: To analyze the occurrence of racial and regional inequality in the temporal trend of the prevalence of stunting and overweight in Brazilian children under five years of age over the years 2008-2018.

Methods: An ecological time-series study with data from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System on the prevalence of stunting and overweight in children under five years old according to race/skin color, region, and year. To assess differences between median prevalence per year of outcomes, the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed.

Socioeconomic status, screen time, and time spent at school, and children's food consumption.

The present study aimed to evaluate the association of sociodemographic factors and lifestyle with the consumption of in natura or minimally processed (INMP) foods, ultra-processed foods (UPFs), and fruits and vegetables. This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 403 children, aged 4 to 7 years, from a retrospective cohort. Sociodemographic and lifestyle variables were investigated using a sociodemographic questionnaire.

Iodine Concentration in Brazilian Drinking Water and Its Possible Contribution to Iodine Intake for Different Physiological Groups.

Objective: The objective is to analyze the concentration of iodine in Brazilian drinking water and its possible contribution to iodine intake for different groups.

Methods: Water samples collected from primary healthcare units in eight locations distributed across all five macroregions of Brazil were analyzed. The quantification of iodine in the water samples was done by spectrophotometry (leuco crystal violet method).

Sex-Dependent Effects of the Intake of NOVA Classified Ultra-Processed Foods on Syndrome Metabolic Components in Brazilian Adults.

Longitudinal studies evaluating the relationship between UPF consumption and the incidence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its components are still scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of UPF consumption on the incidence of MetS and its components in adults. A prospective study was conducted with 896 participants from the 1978/79 Ribeirão Preto cohort, São Paulo, Brazil.

Iodine Concentration in Drinking Water in the Same or Different Seasons of the Year in Brazilian Macroregions.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of iodine in drinking water in the same or different seasons of the year in Brazilian macroregions.

Method: Water samples were collected from the Basic Health Units of eight municipalities that make up the different Brazilian macroregions and the Federal District. Sample collection took place in the summer, autumn, winter, and spring seasons.

Factors associated with perinatal mortality in a Brazilian Northeastern capital.

This study investigated factors associated with perinatal mortality in São Luís, Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil. Data on perinatal mortality were obtained from the BRISA birth cohort and from the Mortality Information System, including records of 5,236 births, 70 of which referred to fetal deaths and 36 to early neonatal deaths. Factors associated with mortality were investigated using a hierarchical logistic regression model, resulting in a perinatal mortality coefficient equal to 20.

Cesarean section and body mass index in children: is there a causal effect?

Obesity is considered a global public health problem. Cesarean section has been associated with high body mass index (BMI) and increased obesity throughout life. However, this association has been challenged by some studies.

Nutritional and cardiovascular disease risk in older persons living in Quilombola communities.

This article aims to assess nutritional and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk based on anthropometric measures among older persons living in Quilombola communities in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 205 older persons living in 11 Quilombola communities in Bequimão, Maranhão. Nutritional and CVD risk were estimated according to sex and age group based on anthropometric indicators using Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and analysis of variance, adopting a significance level of p<0.

Excess deaths from all causes and by COVID-19 in Brazil in 2020.

Objective: To estimate the 2020 all-cause and COVID-19 excess mortality according to sex, age, race/color, and state, and to compare mortality rates by selected causes with that of the five previous years in Brazil.

Methods: Data from the Mortality Information System were used. Expected deaths for 2020 were estimated from 2015 to 2019 data using a negative binomial log-linear model.

Intake of ultra-processed foods is associated with inflammatory markers in Brazilian adolescents.

Objective: To evaluate the association of the consumption of foods of the ultra-processed group (UPF) with inflammatory markers in the adolescent population in Northeastern Brazil.

Design: A cross-sectional population-based study. Food consumption was evaluated using two 24-h dietary recalls using the NOVA classification for food processing levels.

Delay in death reporting affects timely monitoring and modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study describes the COVID-19 death reporting delay in the city of São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil, and shows its impact on timely monitoring and modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic, while seeking to ascertain how nowcasting can improve death reporting delay. We analyzed COVID-19 death data reported daily in the Epidemiological Bulletin of the State Health Secretariat of Maranhão and calculated the reporting delay from March 23 to August 29, 2020. A semi-mechanistic Bayesian hierarchical model was fitted to illustrate the impact of death reporting delay and test the effectiveness of a Bayesian Nowcasting in improving data quality.

Excess weight and obesity prevalence in the RPS Brazilian Birth Cohort Consortium (Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas and São Luís).

Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of excess weight and obesity, according to sex and income in the RPS Brazilian Birth Cohort Consortium (Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas, and São Luís). Participants in the Ribeirão Preto (1978/1979 and 1994), Pelotas (1982, 1993 and 2004) and São Luís (1997/1998) birth cohorts were included in different follow-ups from 7 years old onwards. Excess weight (overweight and obesity) were assessed by body mass index.

Population-based seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and the herd immunity threshold in Maranhão.

Objective: To estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Maranhão, Brazil.

Methods: A population-based household survey was performed, from July 27, 2020 to August 8, 2020. The estimates considered clustering, stratification and non-response.

Factors associated with the inflammatory potential of the Brazilian population's diet.

The aim of the study was to assess the inflammatory potential of the Brazilian population's diet and its association with demographic, socio-economic and anthropometric characteristics. A cross-sectional study was performed with 34 003 individuals aged 10 years and older, evaluated by the National Diet and Nutrition Survey from the Consumer Expenditure Survey (POF 2008-2009). The Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII™) was determined using thirty-four dietary parameters calculated through non-consecutive 2-d dietary records.

How is Brazil facing the crisis of Food and Nutrition Security during the COVID-19 pandemic?

The goal of this commentary is to expose the situation of Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) in Brazil in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic by providing a critical analysis of this scenario and suggesting ways to move forward. When COVID-19 arrived in Brazil, a crisis scenario that incorporated economic, social and political aspects became highly visible. This scenario fostered unemployment, poverty and hunger.

High consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with lower muscle mass in Brazilian adolescents in the RPS birth cohort.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between percent contribution of ultra-processed foods to total dietary energy intake and measurements of body composition obtained using high-validity methods.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 1525 adolescents 18 to 19 y of age from the second follow-up of the 1997/98 São Luís birth cohort, Brazil. To evaluate nutritional status and body composition, the body mass index (BMI)-for-age was used, along with waist circumference, total and android body fat percentage, muscle mass, and the lean mass index (LMI).

Mean birth weight among term newborns: direction, magnitude and associated factors.

A trend towards increasing birth weight has been shown, but factors that explain these trends have not been elucidated. The objectives of this study were to evaluate changes in mean birth weight of term newborns and to identify factors associated with them. All cohorts are population-based studies in which random samples of births (Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State in 1978/1979, 1994 and 2010; Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State in 1982, 1993 and 2004; and São Luís, Maranhão State in 1997/1998 and 2010, Brazil).

[Factors associated with dietary patterns in the second half of life].

The aim of this paper is to identify eating patterns of children aged 6, 9 and 12 months and their association with socioeconomic, behavioral, birth and nutrition variables. Cross-sectional study with children from a cohort in Viçosa-MG, with 112 children at 6 months, 149 at 9 months and 117 at 12 months. Food intake was assessed by a 24-hour recall and patterns extracted by cluster analysis.

Association of exclusive breastfeeding duration with consumption of ultra-processed foods, fruit and vegetables in Brazilian children.

Background: There has been little evidence of the influence of breastfeeding on childhood eating habits.

Aim: To evaluate the association between duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EB) and consumption of ultra-processed foods, fruits and vegetables by Brazilian children.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort of 403 children age 4-7 years.