A longitudinal perspective on the interplay of job demands and destructive leadership on employees' work ability in Germany.

Purpose: Work ability as a predictor of early retirement or lengthy/frequent sick leaves becomes more and more relevant due to the demographic change. Therefore, factors, which affect employees' work ability, need to be further examined with a theoretical base. According to Karasek's job demands-control (JDC) model, high job demands and low control are related to poor employee health.

The influence of working conditions on health satisfaction, physical and mental health: testing the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model and its moderation with over-commitment using a representative sample of German employees (GSOEP).

Background: The effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model is well-established in explaining work-related stress and health differences. A lack of reciprocity between efforts and rewards at the workplace is central to the theory. The third component (over-commitment) was defined to be a moderator of high-cost/low gain-working conditions increasing the risk of ill-health.