Children's snack consumption: role of parents, peers and child snack-purchasing behaviour. Results from the INPACT study.

Background: Parents and peers are both likely to influence children's dietary behaviour. However, their actual influence may depend on the age and life stage of the individual child. Therefore, this study examined the influence of parents (home snack availability and consumption rules) and peers on 11-year-old children's snack consumption, and whether these associations were mediated by children's snack-purchasing behaviour.

Socio-economic inequalities in children's snack consumption and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: the contribution of home environmental factors.

In the present study, we examined the association between maternal education and unhealthy eating behaviour (the consumption of snack and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)) and explored environmental factors that might mediate this association in 11-year-old children. These environmental factors include home availability of snacks and SSB, parental rules about snack and SSB consumption, parental intake of snacks and SSB, peer sensitivity and children's snack-purchasing behaviour. Data were obtained from the fourth wave of the INPACT (IVO Nutrition and Physical Activity Child cohorT) study (2011), in which 1318 parent-child dyads completed a questionnaire.

Relationship between impulsivity, snack consumption and children's weight.

Background: Childhood overweight is a public health problem associated with psychosocial and physical problems. Personality traits, such as impulsivity, may contribute to the development of overweight.

Objective: This study examines 1) the association between general impulsivity traits (reward sensitivity and disinhibition) and children's weight, 2) the association between impulsivity traits and unhealthy snack consumption, and 3) the potential mediating role of unhealthy snack consumption in the relationship between impulsivity traits and children's weight.

Intellectual disability among Dutch homeless people: prevalence and related psychosocial problems.

Background: There is a higher prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) among homeless people than in the general population. However, little is known about the additional psychosocial problems faced by homeless people with ID. We describe the prevalence of ID in a cohort of homeless people in the Netherlands, and report relationships between ID and psychosocial problems in terms of psychological distress, substance (mis)use and dependence, as well as demographic characteristics in this cohort.

Is there an association between the home food environment, the local food shopping environment and children's fruit and vegetable intake? Results from the Dutch INPACT study.

Objective: To examine: (i) the association between home availability of fruit and vegetables and children’s fruit and vegetable intake; (ii) the association between parental perception of the local food shopping environment and the home availability of fruit and vegetables; and (iii) whether the home availability of fruit and vegetables mediates the association between parental perception of the local food environment and children’s fruit and vegetable consumption.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: A total of ninety-one primary schools in the Netherlands.

Stages of change for moderate-intensity physical activity in deprived neighborhoods.

Background: This article describes the association of external and psychosocial factors with the stages of change for moderate-intensity physical activity among individuals with generally low socioeconomic positions.

Methods: A self-administered questionnaire among individuals aged 18-65 years (response rate 60%, n = 2781) in deprived neighborhoods in Eindhoven, The Netherlands, was conducted in September 2000. To identify factors associated with stages of change an ordinal logistic regression model, the "Threshold of Change model (TCM)", was used to analyze the data.

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods.

Background: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods.

Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands.

Father's occupational group and daily smoking during adolescence: patterns and predictors.

Objectives: We investigated the relationship among father's occupational group, daily smoking, and smoking determinants in a cohort of New Zealand adolescents.

Methods: The longitudinal Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study provided information on adolescents' self-reported smoking behavior and potential predictors of smoking, such as social and material factors, personality characteristics, educational achievement, and individual attitudes and beliefs regarding smoking. Longitudinal logistic generalized estimating equation analyses were used.

Educational differences in the intention to stop smoking: explanations based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour.

Background: At this time, the mechanisms by which socioeconomic differences in smoking develop are not completely understood. In this paper the Theory of Planned Behaviour as a potential explanatory framework for socioeconomic differences in smoking is tested. It was hypothesized that components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour may be unequally distributed over educational groups and therefore contribute to the explanation of socioeconomic differences in smoking.

Investigating explanations of socio-economic inequalities in health: the Dutch GLOBE study.

Background: The GLOBE study is a prospective cohort study specifically aimed at the explanation of socio-economic inequalities in health in the Netherlands. The returns of the study are reviewed after ten years of follow-up, and the studies' contribution to the development of policy measures to reduce inequalities in health in the Netherlands are described.

Methods: The study started in 1991 with a baseline postal survey (response rate 70.

Educational differences in starting excessive alcohol consumption: explanations from the longitudinal GLOBE study.

This paper describes educational differences in starting excessive alcohol consumption during 6 1/2 years of follow-up among 1648 initially alcohol-consuming Dutch adults. The longitudinal GLOBE study provides the unique possibility to study explanations for educational differences due to the collection of extensive baseline information on educational level, alcohol consumption, stressors (tension reduction theory) and vulnerability indicators (differential vulnerability theory) in 1991. Alcohol consumption was again assessed in 1997.

Hostility and the educational gradient in health. The mediating role of health-related behaviours.

Background: The aim was to study hostility as a factor intermediate in the association between educational level and health.

Methods: 1997 cross-sectional data from the Dutch GLOBE study (1675 men and 1819 women) was used. The analyses distinguishes between direct effects of hostility on health, and indirect effects, which are through health-related behaviours.

Why do lower educated people continue smoking? Explanations from the longitudinal GLOBE study.

This article describes the effect of educational level on the decision to continue smoking among 1,354 initially smoking participants (age > or = 20 years) in the Dutch GLOBE study. The effect of education on continued smoking was explained from baseline information (1991) on smoking characteristics, individual characteristics, and environmental factors. Smoking status was reassessed after 6.