The Molecular Mouse System: A New Useful Tool for Guiding Antimicrobial Therapy in Critically Ill Septic Patients.

Bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, pose a major threat for patients, especially for those who are immunosuppressed. Rapid pathogen detection and characterization from positive blood cultures are crucial in the management of patients with BSI to enable an adequate and timely antimicrobial therapy. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of the Molecular Mouse system, a new CE IVD molecular test designed to rapidly detect the causative agents of bacteremia and their resistance determinants, in the management of the therapy in critically ill patients.

Microbiological Assessment of the FilmArray Blood Culture Identification 2 Panel: Potential Impact in Critically Ill Patients.

Rapid pathogen detection and characterization from positive blood cultures are crucial in the management of patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) and in achieving their improved outcomes. In this context, the FilmArray Blood Culture Identification (BCID2) panel is an FDA approved molecular test, which can quickly identify different species and resistance determinants, thus making an impact in antimicrobial practice. In this study, we analyzed 136 positive blood cultures collected from septic critically ill patients from April 2021 to March 2023 by using the FilmArray BCID2 panel, and results obtained by fast molecular analysis were compared to those obtained by routine protocols.

Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (ARGs) in Enterobacterales and Clinical Strains Colonizing a Single Italian Patient.

The dramatic increase in infections caused by critically multidrug-resistant bacteria is a global health concern. In this study, we characterized the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) of , , and isolated from both surgical wound and rectal swab of a single Italian patient. Bacterial identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS and the antimicrobial susceptibility was carried out by Vitek 2 system.

Simultaneous gut colonization by Klebsiella grimontii and Escherichia coli co-possessing the bla-carrying pQil plasmid.

Only two plasmid-mediated carbapenemases (KPC-2 and VIM-1) are reported in Klebsiella grimontii. Here, we report two bla-positive isolates that were identified as K. oxytoca and E.

Anaerobic bloodstream infections in Italy (ITANAEROBY): A 5-year retrospective nationwide survey.

Introduction: A lack of updated data on the burden and profile of anaerobic bloodstream infections (ABIs) exists. We assessed the incidence of ABIs and trends in antimicrobial resistance in anaerobes isolated from blood in Italy.

Material And Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 17 Italian hospitals (2016-2020).

Correction: Morroni et al. Antimicrobial Activity of Aztreonam in Combination with Old and New β-Lactamase Inhibitors against MBL and ESBL Co-Producing Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates: Possible Options for the Treatment of Complicated Infections. 2021, , 1341.

Results have been implemented with additional data, which have been commented in the following paragraphs [...

Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Virulence, and Genomic Features of a Hypervirulent Serotype K2, ST65 Causing Meningitis in Italy.

The rise of a new hypervirulent variant of (hvKp) was recently reported, mainly linked to the ST23 lineage. The hvKp variants can cause severe infections, including hepatic abscesses, bacteremia, and meningitis, with a particularly disconcerting propensity to cause community-acquired, life-threatening infection among young and otherwise healthy individuals. The present study aimed to report the clinical characteristics of a hypermucoviscous strain isolated in Italy and sustaining recurrent meningitis in a patient of Peruvian origin.

Antimicrobial Activity of Aztreonam in Combination with Old and New β-Lactamase Inhibitors against MBL and ESBL Co-Producing Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates: Possible Options for the Treatment of Complicated Infections.

Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are among the most challenging bacterial enzymes to overcome. Aztreonam (ATM) is the only β-lactam not hydrolyzed by MBLs but is often inactivated by co-produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). We assessed the activity of the combination of ATM with old and new β-lactamases inhibitors (BLIs) against MBL and ESBL co-producing Gram-negative clinical isolates.

The Revival of Aztreonam in Combination with Avibactam against Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Gram-Negatives: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies and Clinical Cases.

Infections caused by metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing and are increasingly reported worldwide and are usually associated with high mortality rates (>30%). Neither standard therapy nor consensus for the management of these infections exist. Aztreonam, an old β-lactam antibiotic, is not hydrolyzed by MBLs.

Multicenter prospective study on the prevalence of colistin resistance in : relevance of -positive clinical isolates in Lombardy, Northern Italy.

Background: The emergence of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism in has raised concern among public health experts as colistin is a last-line antimicrobial resort. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of this resistance trait in isolates circulating in the Lombardy region, Northern Italy. The presence of -type genes and their genetic relationship were also studied.

Identification by mass spectrometry and automated susceptibility testing from positive bottles: a simple, rapid, and standardized approach to reduce the turnaround time in the management of blood cultures.

Background: Speeding up identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is of foremost importance in the management of blood cultures. Here, we describe a simple, rapid, and standardized approach based on a very short-term incubation on solid medium from positive blood cultures followed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identification and automated AST. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact in the laboratory practice of this new procedure with respect to that previously used (standard method) by comparing TAT and cumulative percentage of final reports to clinicians.

Evolving beta-lactamase epidemiology in Enterobacteriaceae from Italian nationwide surveillance, October 2013: KPC-carbapenemase spreading among outpatients.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC-type beta-lactamases (ACBLs) and carbapenemases are among the most important resistance mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae. This study investigated the presence of these resistance mechanisms in consecutive non-replicate isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 2,352), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 697), and Proteus mirabilis (n = 275) from an Italian nationwide cross-sectional survey carried out in October 2013. Overall, 15.

Multicenter evaluation of the RAPIDEC® CARBA NP test for rapid screening of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Gram-negative nonfermenters from clinical specimens.

The rapid diagnosis of carbapenemase-producing (CP) bacteria is essential for the management of therapy and infection control. In this study, RAPIDEC® CARBA NP (RCNP) was evaluated for the rapid screening of CP Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumannii complex, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical specimens collected at five Italian hospitals. Firstly, each site tested 20 well-characterized strains in a blinded fashion.

Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae Bacteremia without Endocarditis: Rapid Identification from Positive Blood Culture by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. A Case Report and Literature Review.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram-positive bacillus that is infrequently responsible for infections in humans. Three forms have been classified: a localized cutaneous form (erysipeloid) caused by traumatic penetration of E. rhusiopathiae, a generalized cutaneous form and a septicemic form.

Direct identification of microorganisms from positive blood cultures using the lysis-filtration technique and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS): a multicentre study.

Microbial identification from blood cultures is essential to institute optimal antibiotic therapy and improve survival possibilities. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been successfully applied to identify bacteria and yeasts from positive blood cultures broths. The aim of this multicentre study was to evaluate the reliability of the lysis-filtration technique associated with MALDI-TOF MS to directly identify microorganisms from 765 positive blood cultures collected in six Italian hospitals.