Evaluation of cytotoxic effects and oxidative stress with hydroxyapatite dispersions of different physicochemical properties in rat NR8383 cells and primary macrophages.

Enhanced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation are discussed as relevant parameters regarding potential hazardous properties of nanomaterials. In this study, the biocompatibility of five hydroxyapatite materials of different size and morphology, i.e.