The effectiveness of health animations in audiences with different health literacy levels: an experimental study.

Background: Processing Web-based health information can be difficult, especially for people with low health literacy. Presenting health information in an audiovisual format, such as animation, is expected to improve understanding among low health literate audiences.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to investigate what features of spoken health animations improve information recall and attitudes and whether there are differences between health literacy groups.

Gene expression of parathyroid tumors: molecular subclassification and identification of the potential malignant phenotype.

Parathyroid tumors are heterogeneous, and diagnosis is often difficult using histologic and clinical features. We have undertaken expression profiling of 53 hereditary and sporadic parathyroid tumors to better define the molecular genetics of parathyroid tumors. A class discovery approach identified three distinct groups: (1) predominantly hyperplasia cluster, (2) HRPT2/carcinoma cluster consisting of sporadic carcinomas and benign and malignant tumors from Hyperparathyroidism-Jaw Tumor Syndrome patients, and (3) adenoma cluster consisting mainly of primary adenoma and MEN 1 tumors.

Loss of parafibromin immunoreactivity is a distinguishing feature of parathyroid carcinoma.

Purpose: A reliable method for diagnosing parathyroid carcinoma has remained elusive over the years, resulting in its under-recognition and suboptimal therapy. Obtaining an accurate diagnosis has become an even more pressing matter with recent evidence that germline HRPT2 gene mutations are found in patients with apparently sporadic parathyroid carcinoma. There is a high prevalence of HRPT2 gene mutations and biallelic inactivation in parathyroid carcinoma.

Differential expression of the calcium sensing receptor and combined loss of chromosomes 1q and 11q in parathyroid carcinoma.

Malignant transformation of parathyroid tumours is rare. Nevertheless, this small subset of malignant tumours often creates diagnostic and therapeutic problems. In this work, the morphological characteristics of 26 primary parathyroid carcinomas and seven metastases have been studied.