The natural history of primary progressive multiple sclerosis: insights from the German NeuroTransData registry.

Background: Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is characterised by gradual worsening of disability from symptom onset. Knowledge about the natural course of PPMS remains limited.

Methods: PPMS patients from the German NeuroTransData (NTD) MS registry with data from 56 outpatient practices were employed for retrospective cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.

Outcomes of a Delirium Prevention Program in Older Persons After Elective Surgery: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Delirium significantly worsens elective surgery outcomes and costs. Delirium risk is highest in elderly populations, whose surgical health care resource consumption (50%) exceeds their demographic proportion (15% to 18%) in high-resource countries. Effective nonpharmacologic delirium prevention could safely improve care in these vulnerable patients, but data from procedure-specific studies are insufficiently compelling to drive changes in practice.

Non-genomic effects of androgens on isolated human vascular and nonvascular penile erectile tissue.

Objectives: To evaluate non-genomic effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on isolated human cavernosal arteries (HCA) and corpus cavernosum (HCC) using organ-bath studies and radio-immunoassays (RIA), as non-genomic effects of androgens are reported for vascular smooth musculature and there is evidence that the relaxant response involves a modulation of cyclic nucleotide tissue levels.

Materials And Methods: The relaxation induced by the cumulative addition of testosterone and DHT (0.01-10 microm) was studied using circular segments of HCA and strip preparations of HCC.