The Addition of a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug in Local Infiltration Analgesia During Total Knee Arthroplasty Increases the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Who Have Renal Impairment: A Propensity-Matched Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) is a crucial component of pain management during total knee arthroplasty (TKA), Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly included in the drug cocktail. The use of NSAIDs are associated with adverse renal, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular effects. This study aimed to investigate whether the addition of an NSAID in LIA affects the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in TKA patients, especially those who have pre-existing renal impairment.