Optimising aerial herbicide treatment for control of dense conifer infestations: a New Zealand case study.

Background: Conifers, mainly of the genus Pinus, have invaded natural and productive landscapes worldwide. Controlling dense conifer invasions is challenging and requires both effective initial control methods and long-term site management to prevent re-invasion. Broadcast aerial herbicide application is often the preferred treatment method for dense infestations of pines with high rates of complex herbicide mixtures used.

Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Chronic Health Conditions on Current Depression.

This study investigated the ability of three adverse childhood experience (ACE) types (household dysfunction, emotional/physical abuse, and sexual abuse) to predict current depression among adults. We also determined the contribution of ACEs to current depression after controlling for covariates and chronic illnesses. Respondents to the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 20,345) were divided into depressed and not depressed groups based on Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) scores.

Efficacy of Fungicides Applied for Protectant and Curative Activity Against Myrtle Rust.

Myrtle rust, caused by the pathogen , affects species of the Myrtaceae, many of which are endemic to Australia and New Zealand. Originating from South America, is now present in both countries, necessitating effective chemical control for disease management. Using an artificial inoculation protocol, the efficacy of eight fungicides (tebuconazole/trifloxystrobin, cyproconazole/azoxystrobin, fosetyl aluminum, triforine, triadimenol, oxycarboxin, copper, and tebuconazole) applied as curative or protectant treatments was tested on two native New Zealand species ( × and ).

Effect of dose and adjuvant on uptake of triclopyr and dicamba into needles.

Management of dense infestations of wilding in New Zealand requires high doses of herbicides; 18 kg active ingredient (a.i.) ha triclopyr and 5 kg a.

Swath pattern analysis from a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle configured for pesticide application.

Background: Although unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used to deliver small-scale aerial pesticide applications, there remains uncertainty over their efficiency in terms of uniformity of spray deposition and their application efficiency. Consequently, a field study was designed to quantify factors influencing the uniformity of spray deposition from a multi-rotor UAV that is operated commercially in New Zealand. Two sampling systems for measuring spray deposition, a continuous horizontal string and steel plates placed on the ground were compared.

Can Copper Be Used to Treat Foliar Infections in ?

Red needle cast is a significant foliar disease of commercial stands of caused by in New Zealand. The effect of copper, applied as a foliar spray of cuprous oxide at a range of doses between 0 and 1.72 kg ha, was investigated in two controlled trials with potted plants and in an operational trial with mature .

The effect of encoding duration on implicit and explicit eyewitness memory.

The present study investigated the effect of encoding duration on implicit and explicit eyewitness memory. Participants (N = 227) viewed a mock crime (brief, 15-s vs. long, 30-s vs.

The Effect of Formulation, Dose, and Adjuvants on Uptake of Phosphite Into Pine Foliage.

The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of dose and adjuvant on uptake of two phosphite products (Phos-A and Phos-B) into Pinus radiata needles. In experiment 1, uptake of 6 kg ha phosphite, applied as Phos-A, in 100 liters of water, together with an organosilicone superspreader (0.2%), was high (>60%).

Witness memory and alcohol: The effects of state-dependent recall.

Many real-world eyewitnesses are under the influence of alcohol either at the time of the crime, the interview, or both. Only recently has empirical research begun to examine the effects of alcohol on witness memory, yielding mixed results. The present study tested the importance of state-dependent memory in the context of alcohol's effects on encoding versus retrieval of a witnessed event, while simultaneously informing real-world investigative practices: Should witnesses sober up before an interview? Participants (N = 249) were randomized to a control, placebo, or alcohol condition at encoding and to either an immediate retrieval condition (in the same state) or a 1-week delay control, placebo, or alcohol retrieval condition.

An aerial spot-spraying technique: a pilot study to test a method for pest eradication in urban environments.

Background: Pest eradication strategies that use pesticides require application methods that have the lowest environmental and human health impact while maintaining the highest probability of success. This is highly important when eradication takes place in sensitive areas, such as urban or riparian zones. A new aerial application method, the spot-gun, was developed to provide good pesticide coverage on host species while minimising off-target exposure.

Intoxicated eyewitnesses: Better than their reputation?

According to law enforcement, many witnesses are intoxicated either at the time of the crime, the interview, or both (Evans et al., Public Policy Law 15(3):194-221, 2009). However, no study to date has examined whether intoxicated witnesses' recall is different from sober witnesses' and whether they are more vulnerable to misinformation using an ecologically valid experimental design.

Stem injection of a systemic insecticide to control Uraba lugens on urban Lophostemon confertus trees.

Background: Uraba lugens Walker (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) has the potential to become a serious pest of susceptible forestry and urban trees in New Zealand. Stem injection of insecticides provides a method for the control of U. lugens in public locations where foliar applications are not suitable.

Alcohol intoxication and memory for events: a snapshot of alcohol myopia in a real-world drinking scenario.

Alcohol typically has a detrimental impact on memory across a variety of encoding and retrieval conditions (e.g., Mintzer, 2007; Ray & Bates, 2006).