Exploring the ability of individuals with an intellectual disability to generate and use a compassionate image.

Background: There is a growing interest in adapting third-wave therapies such as mindfulness for people who have intellectual disabilities. This study explored their ability to generate and use a compassionate image.

Method: Nineteen people with an intellectual disability and twenty people without were recruited from further education colleges.

A cluster randomised control trial of a multi-component weight management programme for adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity.

There have been few published controlled studies of multi-component weight management programmes that include an energy deficit diet (EDD), for adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity. The objective of this study was to conduct a single-blind, cluster randomised controlled trial comparing a multi-component weight management programme to a health education programme. Participants were randomised to either TAKE 5, which included an EDD or Waist Winners Too (WWToo), based on health education principles.

Coping with criticism and praise.

Through experiencing stigma and discrimination, people with intellectual disability may become more sensitive to criticism from others and be less likely to believe praise. This study compared how people with and without intellectual disability viewed praise and criticism, using a vignette task developed for the study. Participants were asked to imagine someone saying something praiseworthy or critical and were then asked about their emotions, beliefs, and thoughts.

A single-blind, pilot randomised trial of a weight management intervention for adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity: study protocol.

Background: The prevalence of obesity in adults with intellectual disabilities has consistently been reported to be higher than the general population. Despite the negative impact of obesity on health, there is little evidence of the effectiveness of weight management interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity. Preliminary results from a single-stranded feasibility study of a multi-component weight management intervention specifically designed for adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity (TAKE 5) and that satisfied clinical recommendations reported that it was acceptable to adults with intellectual disabilities and their carers.

Staff expectations and views of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for adults with intellectual disabilities.

Background: The role of support workers and other professionals in the psychotherapeutic process has been commented upon but not as yet been systematically investigated.

Method: To explore their views and expectations of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for adults with intellectual disabilities, eleven paid support workers and professionals were recruited and interviewed before the CBT sessions commenced for their service users and nine took part in the second interview that took place after nine sessions.

Results: Thematic Analysis of the interview transcripts indicates that staff members do not perceive CBT as a long-term solution for psychological problems have little knowledge of CBT and do not feel included in the process.

Agreement of accelerometer and a physical activity questionnaire in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Purpose: To assess the level of agreement between accelerometer and proxy-respondent questionnaire measurement of the physical activity levels of adults with intellectual disabilities.

Methods: In Glasgow, U.K.

An open study of the effectiveness of a multi-component weight-loss intervention for adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity.

Adults with intellectual disabilities experience high rates of obesity. Despite this higher risk, there is little evidence on the effectiveness of weight-loss interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity. The present study examined the effectiveness of the TAKE 5 multi-component weight-loss intervention.

The balance of power in therapeutic interactions with individuals who have intellectual disabilities.

Objectives: Establishing a collaborative relationship is a cornerstone of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Increasingly CBT is being offered to people with intellectual disabilities who may have problems with receptive and expressive communication, and a history of disadvantage or discrimination in their relationships with those in positions of power. Consequently, they may have difficulty establishing a collaborative interaction with their therapist.

Frequent aggression and attribution of hostile intent in people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities: an empirical investigation.

We investigated whether aggressive individuals have an attributional bias of hostile intent compared to nonaggressive peers. We compared 43 frequently aggressive individuals who had mild to moderate intellectual disabilities with 46 nonaggressive controls on an attributional task. The aggressive participants attributed significantly more hostile intent to protagonists and indicated that they would respond more aggressively than did the controls to provocative scenes, but only when the threat was to themselves.

Socioemotional understanding and frequent aggression in people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities.

Aggression in a proportion of people with intellectual disabilities is often assumed to be due to social-cognitive deficits. We reported on two studies in which we compared the emotion recognition and perspective-taking abilities of 43 frequently aggressive individuals and 46 nonaggressive peers. No difference was found between the groups' ability to label facial affect.

Contingent reinforcement or defending the self? A review of evolving models of aggression in people with mild learning disabilities.

This paper examines the changing approaches to working with people with a moderate to mild learning disability, who are frequently aggressive. Long-held assumptions about the lack of inter-personal understanding and impulsiveness continue to play a central role in clinical assessment and intervention for this group. Yet, there is a lack of controlled studies indicating the influence of such factors in frequent aggression.