The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and its risk factors in pregnant women and their newborns in the Middle East: A systematic review.

Background: Pregnant women and newborns are at risk for vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Also, poor health outcomes for pregnant women with VDD are reported in the published literature.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to estimate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and the associated risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in Middle Eastern pregnant women and their newborns.