Publications by authors named "Carol Lee"

Background And Objectives: Cannabis use is increasing in the United States, and, on average, those consuming medical cannabis report more frequent cannabis use than those who use recreationally. The present analyses focus on the prevalence and correlates of working under the influence of cannabis (WUIC) amongst individuals with chronic pain who use cannabis medically.

Methods: Adults were recruited from medical cannabis certification clinics in Michigan and individuals who were employed in the past 6 months were included in the analytic sample (N = 362).

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Front-line treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD) include psychotherapy and medication, and both treatments are underused. However, utilization rates of medications for alcohol use disorder (MAUD) are particularly low. The goal of the present scoping review is to characterize patient perspectives about MAUD to identify barriers to MAUD and potential areas of future work to increase access, initiation, and retention on MAUD.

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Background: Emerging adulthood (typically ages 18-25) is a developmental period associated with increased likelihood of developing substance use disorders (SUDs) resulting in life-altering negative consequences. While SUD treatment can be effective and diminish substance-related consequences, very few emerging adults with SUDs actually receive treatment and research is needed to identify potential determinants of receiving care. We examined associations between individual factors and social determinants of health (SDOH) with SUD treatment service utilization to inform treatment engagement strategies for emerging adults.

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Research on incarcerated men indicates low PrEP access even though HIV disproportionately affects them. Intersecting attributes - urban, incarcerated, Black, heterosexual men with substance use diagnoses (SUDs) - improves the odds of HIV transmission/acquisition. It is crucial to determine, among "key populations," who might be eligible to take PrEP.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine what demographic and anatomical variables affect successful placement of a superior medullary ramus screw, and how they affect the maximal diameter of that screw.

Methods: Design: Prognostic Level IV SETTING: Level I Trauma Center Patients/Participants: Two hundred consecutive patients underwent computed tomography (CT) of the pelvis. We included those patients aged 18 and older without osseous injury or abnormalities precluding measurement.

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Purpose: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) majorly affects premature infants, causing not only necrosis and inflammation but also feeding intolerance and gastrointestinal dysmotility, hinting at gut hormone secretion impairment. Particularly critical is the gestation period before 26 weeks where intestinal hormonal activity is partially developed, rendering preterm neonates highly susceptible to NEC. Emerging evidence suggests a role of gut hormones, especially glucagon-like peptides (GLP) in ileum development.

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Background: Pyroptosis is closely associated with chemotherapeutic drugs and immune response. Here, we investigated whether oxaliplatin, a key drug in FOLFOX-hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (FOLFOX-HAIC), induces pyroptosis in hepatoma cells and enhances antitumor immunity after tumor cell death.

Methods: Hepatoma cells were treated with oxaliplatin.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to perform a biomechanical comparison of volar plate repair alone versus volar plate repair with suture tape augmentation in a hyperextension laxity injury model at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint.

Methods: Ten matched cadaveric fingers were obtained from five cadavers (average age, 59 ± 7 years). The specimens underwent 5 and 10 N·cm of extension load at the PIP joint to measure the laxity of the intact joint.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Estuaries are areas where saltwater and freshwater mix, leading to varying salinity levels which challenge organisms' ability to maintain balance, requiring rapid adjustments for survival.
  • - Researchers completed the first high-resolution genome and transcriptome sequences of the bivalve C. japonica, revealing significant expansions in genes related to neuronal function.
  • - Findings suggest that these neuronal genes may help C. japonica manage stress from high salinity, enhancing our understanding of how estuarine species adapt to changing environments and highlighting areas for further research.
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Seasonal influenza viruses continuously evolve via antigenic drift. This leads to recurring epidemics, globally significant mortality rates, and the need for annually updated vaccines. Co-occurring mutations in hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are suggested to have synergistic interactions where mutations can increase the chances of immune escape and viral fitness.

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Copepods are among the most abundant organisms on the planet and play critical functions in aquatic ecosystems. Among copepods, populations of the Eurytemora affinis species complex are numerically dominant in many coastal habitats and serve as food sources for major fisheries. Intriguingly, certain populations possess the unusual capacity to invade novel salinities on rapid time scales.

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Background: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has shown satisfactory therapeutic efficacy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is regarded as an important conversion treatment. However, limited information is available regarding the optimal timing of HAIC-based conversion hepatectomy. This study aims to determine the optimal timing for HAIC-based conversion surgery in patients with HCC.

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While many freshwater invaders originate from saline habitats, the physiological mechanisms involved are poorly understood. We investigated the evolution of ion transporter Na/K-ATPase (NKA) protein expression between ancestral saline and freshwater invading populations of the copepod (Atlantic clade of the complex). We compared NKA expression between populations under common-garden conditions at three salinities in the maxillary glands.

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Rates of alcohol and/or substance use (ASU) among residents of predominantly Black and marginalized communities are similar to ASU rates in White communities. Yet ASU has worse consequences in predominantly Black and marginalized communities (e.g.

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Introduction: To understand the experiences of adolescent and adult patients living with alopecia areata (AA) in Australia regarding symptom severity and the impact on psychosocial well-being and work/classroom productivity.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional online patient survey among adolescent and adult patients diagnosed with AA was recruited via the Australia Alopecia Areata Foundation. Patient-reported outcomes were also assessed.

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Use of herbal medications and supplements has experienced immense growth over the last two decades, with retail sales in the USA exceeding $13 billion in 2021. Since the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 reduced FDA oversight, these products have become less regulated. Data from 2012 shows 18% of U.

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Article Synopsis
  • Researchers created a heart-on-a-chip model that includes immune cells to study the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on heart inflammation.
  • This model demonstrated that infection leads to increased inflammation, impaired heart function, and elevated levels of mitochondrial damage markers.
  • The study found that using exosomes from endothelial cells could reverse heart function issues, regulate calcium levels, lower inflammatory markers, and decrease mitochondrial damage.
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Background: The United States envisions a 90% reduction in HIV infections by 2030. However, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the HIV continuum and disproportionately affected access to social and health services for people at the highest vulnerability. This study shows how stakeholders in the State of Michigan handled disruptions and their key recommendations.

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T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody (T-BsAb, also known as BiTE) therapy has emerged as a powerful therapeutic modality against multiple myeloma. Given that T-BsAb therapy redirects endogenous T cells to eliminate tumor cells, reinvigorating dysfunctional T cells may be a potential approach to improve the efficacy of T-BsAb. While various immunostimulatory cytokines can potentiate effector T-cell functions, the optimal cytokine treatment for T-BsAb therapy is yet to be established, partly due to a concern of cytokine release syndrome driven by aberrant interferon (IFN)-γ production.

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Article Synopsis
  • NEC is a serious intestinal disease affecting premature infants, with breastfed infants being less affected due to protective compounds in human milk called HMOs.
  • The study involved administering antibiotics to reduce microbiota in mice while inducing NEC through various stressors, and then studying the effects of HMOs on intestinal epithelial regeneration.
  • Results showed that HMOs helped in reducing intestinal injury and promoting cell growth, even without the presence of gut microbiota, highlighting their potential benefits in protecting against NEC.
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Objectives: Vaccinations are an important preventative measure in reducing the spread of infectious diseases worldwide. However, concerns of undervaccination during childhood have become increasingly common. The current study aims to investigate changes in attitudes towards childhood vaccinations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic using a national sample from New Zealand.

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Lymphoma is the most common haematological malignancy affecting dogs and has a high incidence in the Bullmastiff breed. The aim of this study was to identify risk loci predisposing this breed to the disease. The average age of lymphoma diagnosis in 55 cases was less than 6 years, similar to the median age of 64 cases from our clinical and pathology databases.

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Purpose: Neonatal sepsis is a systemic inflammatory infection common in premature infants and a leading cause of mortality. Argon is an emerging interest in the field of noble gas therapy. Neonates with severe sepsis are frequently mechanically ventilated creating an opportunity for inhalation therapy.

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