Sociodemographic and behavioural correlates of social jetlag in Australian adults: results from the 2016 National Sleep Health Foundation Study.

Social jetlag is a term used to describe misalignment between biological and social time. Measured as the difference in sleep midpoints between work and free days, social jetlag has been associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours and adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of social jetlag, and its sociodemographic and behavioural correlates in 837 respondents who completed the Sleep Health Foundation Australia 2016 online survey.

Prevalence and comorbidity of sleep conditions in Australian adults: 2016 Sleep Health Foundation national survey.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of sleep conditions (obstructive sleep apnea [OSA], insomnia symptoms, simple snoring, and restless legs) and their associated burden of chronic conditions in a community sample.

Design: Cross-sectional national adult online survey.

Setting: Community-based sample.

Co-morbid OSA and insomnia increases depression prevalence and severity in men.

Background And Objective: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and insomnia coexist in clinical populations but prevalence in the community and risk factors remain largely unknown. We examined the prevalence and profile of previously undiagnosed co-morbid OSA and insomnia symptoms (COMISA) in community-dwelling men.

Methods: Men (n = 700, aged 58.

Chronic Kidney Disease and Sleep Apnea Association of Kidney Disease With Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Population Study of Men.

Study Objectives: To determine the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous population studies of the association are sparse, conflicting and confined largely to studies of administrative data.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis in unselected participants of the Men Androgens Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress (MAILES) study, aged >40 years.

Associations of Undiagnosed Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness With Depression: An Australian Population Study.

Study Objectives: To determine whether undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and/or excessive daytime sleepiness are associated with symptomatic depression in Australian men.

Methods: Participants were randomly selected, urban community dwelling men aged 40 to 88 years without a prior diagnosis of OSA. Clinically significant depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-1A or Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (2007-2010).

Hypertension Is Associated With Undiagnosed OSA During Rapid Eye Movement Sleep.

Background: Evidence linking OSA with hypertension in population studies is conflicting. We examined longitudinal and cross-sectional associations of previously unrecognized OSA, including OSA occurring in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, with hypertension.

Methods: The Men Androgens Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress (MAILES) study is a longitudinal study of community-dwelling men in Adelaide, South Australia.

Immunolocalization of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Normal Murine Airway Epithelium and Changes following Induction of Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Inflammation.

Little is known about innate immunity and components of inflammasomes in airway epithelium. This study evaluated immunohistological evidence for NLRP3 inflammasomes in normal and inflamed murine (Balb/c) airway epithelium in a model of ovalbumin (OVA) induced allergic airway inflammation. The airway epithelium of control mice exhibited strong cytoplasmic staining for total caspase-1, ASC, and NLRP3, whereas the OVA mice exhibited strong staining for active caspase-1, with redistribution of caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18, indicating possible activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Ultrastructural analysis, zinc transporters, glucose transporters and hormones expression in New world primate (Callithrix jacchus) and human pancreatic islets.

The New world primates (NWP) Callithrix jacchus separated from man approximately 50 million years ago and is a potential alternative small non-human primate model for diabetes research. Ultrastructure, and gene expression of pancreatic islets and the recently described diabetes auto antigenic zinc transporters families in human, NWP and pig pancreas were studied. Morphologically NWP islets were larger than pig islets and similar in size to human islets.

Dietary zinc mediates inflammation and protects against wasting and metabolic derangement caused by sustained cigarette smoke exposure in mice.

In mouse asthma models, inflammation can be modulated by zinc (Zn). Given that appetite loss, muscle wasting and poor nutrition are features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and that poor dietary Zn intake is in itself accompanied by growth retardation and appetite loss, we hypothesised that dietary Zn limitation would not only worsen airway inflammation but also exaggerate metabolic effects of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure in mice. Conversely, Zn supplementation would lessen inflammation.

Zinc and zinc transporter regulation in pancreatic islets and the potential role of zinc in islet transplantation.

The critical trace element zinc is essential for normal insulin production, and plays a central role in cellular protection against apoptosis and oxidative stress. The regulation of zinc within the pancreas and β-cells is controlled by the zinc transporter families ZnT and ZIP. Pancreatic islets display wide variability in the occurrence of these molecules.

The anatomy, physics, and physiology of gas exchange surfaces: is there a universal function for pulmonary surfactant in animal respiratory structures?

(Orgeig and Daniels) This surfactant symposium reflects the integrative and multidisciplinary aims of the 1st ICRB, by encompassing in vitro and in vivo research, studies of vertebrates and invertebrates, and research across multiple disciplines. We explore the physical and structural challenges that face gas exchange surfaces in vertebrates and insects, by focusing on the role of the surfactant system. Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins that lines the air-liquid interface of the lungs of all air-breathing vertebrates, where it functions to vary surface tension with changing lung volume.

Stretch and CO2 modulate the inflammatory response of alveolar macrophages through independent changes in metabolic activity.

Ventilatory-induced strain can exacerbate acute lung injury (ALI). Current ventilation strategies favour low tidal volumes and high end-expiratory volumes to 'rest' the lung, but can lead to an increase in CO2. Alveolar macrophages (AM) play a pivotal role in ALI through the release of inflammatory mediators.

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine is not the major surfactant phospholipid species in all mammals.

Pulmonary surfactant, a complex mixture of lipids and proteins, lowers the surface tension in terminal air spaces and is crucial for lung function. Within an animal species, surfactant composition can be influenced by development, disease, respiratory rate, and/or body temperature. Here, we analyzed the composition of surfactant in three heterothermic mammals (dunnart, bat, squirrel), displaying different torpor patterns, to determine: 1) whether increases in surfactant cholesterol (Chol) and phospholipid (PL) saturation occur during long-term torpor in squirrels, as in bats and dunnarts; 2) whether surfactant proteins change during torpor; and 3) whether PL molecular species (molsp) composition is altered.

Effect of CO2 on LPS-induced cytokine responses in rat alveolar macrophages.

Alveolar macrophages (AM) may be exposed to a range of CO(2) and pH levels depending on their location in the alveoli and the health of the lung. Cytokines produced by AM contribute to inflammation in acute lung injury (ALI). Current ventilatory practices for the management of ALI favor low tidal volumes, which can give rise to increases in CO(2) and changes in pH of the alveolar microenvironment.