Isolated ostial left main coronary artery stenosis causing ischemic cardiomyopathy in a child with bicuspid aortic valve: Role of echocardiography in diagnosis and follow-up.

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiac defect, commonly associated with valve dysfunction and coarctation of aorta. Rarely, BAV can be associated with abnormalities of the coronary arteries, the most common of which are ectopic coronary origins. In this report, we present a case of a 2-year-old child with BAV, without coexisting supravalvular aortic stenosis, who was found to have a left main coronary ostio-proximal stenosis, leading to ischemic cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure.

Spontaneous thrombus formation in native aortic root in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome: clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes.

We report a neonate who presented with spontaneous thrombus formation in the native aortic root after Norwood palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Thrombus formation led to myocardial ischaemia due to decreased coronary blood flow with electrocardiographic signs of ischaemia and elevated cardiac enzymes. Aggressive thrombolysis and anticoagulation therapy were major contributors to successful outcome.

Anatomy and White Matter Connections of the Superior Parietal Lobule.

Background: The superior parietal lobule (SPL) is involved in somatosensory and visuospatial integration with additional roles in attention, written language, and working memory. A detailed understanding of the exact location and nature of associated white matter tracts could improve surgical decisions and subsequent postoperative morbidity related to surgery in and around this gyrus.

Objective: To characterize the fiber tracts of the SPL based on relationships to other well-known neuroanatomic structures through diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI)-based fiber tracking validated by gross anatomical dissection as ground truth.

The Unique Fiber Anatomy of Middle Temporal Gyrus Default Mode Connectivity.

Background: The middle temporal gyrus (MTG) is understood to play a role in language-related tasks such as lexical comprehension and semantic cognition. However, a more specific understanding of its key white matter connections could promote the preservation of these functions during neurosurgery.

Objective: To provide a detailed description of the underlying white matter tracts associated with the MTG to improve semantic preservation during neurosurgery.

Anatomy and White Matter Connections of the Middle Frontal Gyrus.

Background: The middle frontal gyrus (MFG) is involved in attention, working memory, and language-related processing. A detailed understanding of the subcortical white matter tracts connected within the MFG can facilitate improved navigation of white matter lesions in and around this gyrus and explain the postoperative morbidity after surgery. We aimed to characterize the fiber tracts within the MFG according to their connection to neuroanatomic structures through the use of diffusion spectrum imaging-based fiber tractography and validate the findings by gross anatomic dissection for qualitative visual agreement.

Anatomy and White Matter Connections of the Superior Frontal Gyrus.

The superior frontal gyrus (SFG) is an important region implicated in a variety of tasks including motor movement, working memory, resting-state, and cognitive control. A detailed understanding of the subcortical white matter of the SFG could improve postoperative morbidity related to surgery around this gyrus. Through DSI-based fiber tractography validated by gross anatomical dissection, we characterized the fiber tracts of the SFG based on their relationships to other well-known neuroanatomic structures.

Anatomy and white matter connections of the inferior frontal gyrus.

The inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is involved in the evaluation of linguistic, interoceptive, and emotional information. A detailed understanding of its subcortical white matter anatomy could improve postoperative morbidity related to surgery in and around this gyrus. Through GQI-based fiber tracking validated by gross anatomical dissection as ground truth, we characterized the fiber tracts of the IFG based on relationships to other well-known neuroanatomic structures.