Further recommendations of the International Paediatric Brain Injury Society (IPBIS) for the post-acute rehabilitation of children with acquired brain injury.

Background: Paediatric acquired brain injury is a life-long condition which impacts on all facets of the individual's lived experience. The existing evidence base continues to expand and new fields of enquiry are established as clinicians and researchers uncover the extent of these impacts.

Primary Objective: To add to recommendations described in the International Paediatric Brain Injury Society's 2016 paper on post-acute care for children with acquired brain injury and highlight new areas of enquiry.

Head injury among older adults and their clinical management: one year of emergency department attendances at a UK trauma center.

Objectives: Primary: describe characteristics of adults aged ≥65 attending the Emergency Department (ED) at one major trauma center. Secondary: examine co-morbidities and complications; identify use of anticoagulant/antiplatelet medication among older adults presenting with Head Injury (HI); assess clinical management against UK guidelines.

Methods: All ED admissions were screened prospectively to identify HI using case notes, hospital records and Trauma Audit Research Network data.

Self-awareness following a traumatic brain injury in childhood: a developmental perspective.

Unlabelled: Impaired self-awareness is a common consequence following a brain injury that affects engagement in rehabilitation and results in poor long term functional outcomes. Literature regarding self-awareness following a brain injury in childhood is lacking. The aim of this research study was to understand the self-awareness of deficits from a developmental perspective.

Risk of Motor Vehicle Collision or Driving Impairment After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Collaborative International Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To synthesize knowledge of the risk of motor vehicle collision (MVC) following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the associated risk of driving impairment, as measured by on-road tests, computerized simulators, and self-reported or state-recorded driving records.

Methods: Our international team searched 7 databases for studies published between 1990 and 2015 of people with TBI, controls, and data concerning either MVC or driving impairment. The included articles examined the risk of MVC among people with TBI; we excluded studies that examined the risk of having a TBI associated with being involved in an MVC.

Traumatic brain injuries in older adults-6 years of data for one UK trauma centre: retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

Objectives: Our aim was to determine the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in older adults and investigate the relationship between injury characteristics and outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data submitted to Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) database for a major trauma centre in the West Midlands, UK, from 2008 to 2014. The Mayo Scale was used to categorise TBI.

Service provision for children and young people with acquired brain injury: Practice recommendations.

Background: Providing appropriate rehabilitation services for Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) in childhood presents a number of challenges for caregivers, health and education professionals and the young person as they develop.

Primary Objective: To record the challenges and possible creative solutions generated by an international group of professionals to address the needs of children with ABI. Review of information: Recommendations were generated from children's special interest group meetings of the International Brain Injury Association (Turin, Italy, 2001; Stockholm, Sweden, 2003; Melbourne, Australia, 2005; Lisbon, Portugal, 2008) and through meetings of the International Paediatric Brain Injury Society (IPBIS), formed in 2009.

Technological aids for the rehabilitation of memory and executive functioning in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury.

Background: The use of technology in healthcare settings is on the increase and may represent a cost-effective means of delivering rehabilitation. Reductions in treatment time, and delivery in the home, are also thought to be benefits of this approach. Children and adolescents with brain injury often experience deficits in memory and executive functioning that can negatively affect their school work, social lives, and future occupations.

Traumatic brain injury recorded in the UK Joint Theatre Trauma Registry among the UK Armed Forces.

Objectives: To use the UK Joint Theatre Trauma Registry (UK-JTTR) to identify service personnel sustaining traumatic brain injury (TBI) in recent conflicts and to examine injury characteristics, outcomes, and severity measures predictive of survival.

Setting: Operations HERRICK (Afghanistan) and TELIC (Iraq).

Design: The UK-JTTR records data for every UK service person either killed on operations or treated by Defence Medical Services after a trauma call, including those evacuated for inpatient care following traumatic injury.

Minor head injury in children: evaluating written discharge advice provided by Scottish emergency departments.

Objectives: Emergency departments (EDs) routinely provide written information when a child with head injury (HI) is discharged home. This usually contains advice about recognizing signs of serious complications such as intracranial bleeding. This study evaluated the quality of discharge leaflets currently provided by Scottish emergency departments (EDs) by comparing them against written discharge advice recommended by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN).

Epidemiology of paediatric minor head injury: Comparison of injury characteristics with Indices of Multiple Deprivation.

Background: Head injury (HI) is a common presentation to Child Emergency Departments (CEDs), but the actual number of children attending with minor HI is unclear. Most research has focussed on admitted patients, often relying on hospital-coded admission data. We studied the incidence of minor HI presenting to the CED of a major teaching hospital in Coventry and Warwickshire.

Self-esteem in children after traumatic brain injury: an exploratory study.

Children with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have difficulties in adjusting to their injury and altered abilities, and may be at risk of low self-esteem and loss of confidence. However, few studies have examined self-esteem in this client group. The current study measured the self-esteem of a group of children who were, on average, two years post-TBI and compared this to their performance on other psychometric measures.

Management of minor head injury in adults.

Head injury accounts for up to 20 per cent of emergency department (ED) attendances (Kay and Teasdale 2001), and approximately 800,000 patients attend U.K. EDs with head injuries every year (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) 2007a, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) 2009).

Minor head injury in the Republic of Ireland: evaluation of written information given at discharge from emergency departments.

Most patients presenting to the emergency department with minor head injuries are discharged with written information. Here the quality of minor head injury discharge leaflets in the Republic of Ireland is evaluated against a nationally accepted template. There was great variability in leaflet content.

Early management of children with minor head injuries.

In the UK, about 260,000 children with head injuries attend emergency departments each year (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) 2007, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) 2009). About 90 per cent of these injuries are minor and can be managed without admission to hospital (Swann and Teasdale 1999). Clinical guidelines for early management of head injury have recently been published by NICE in England and Wales, and by SIGN in Scotland, to standardise management across the UK.

Prediction of raised intracranial pressure complicating severe traumatic brain injury in children: implications for trial design.

Objectives: To describe current patterns of management of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in traumatic brain injury relevant to clinician buy-in to possible randomized controlled trials of treatments of raised ICP. To examine the feasibility of early identification of children at sufficient risk of developing raised ICP to permit a uniform approach between centers to the initiation of ICP monitoring. This would permit quantification of ICP elevation and enrollment as appropriate to randomized controlled trials of raised ICP interventions.

Predictors of positive growth after traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal study.

Primary Objective: To investigate long-term positive psychological growth in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to relate growth to injury characteristics and early outcomes.

Research Design: Longitudinal study.

Method And Procedure: Long-term follow-up of a group of TBI survivors recruited between 1991-1995.

Intracranial pressure complicating severe traumatic brain injury in children: monitoring and management.

Objective: To identify factors associated with the use of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and to establish which ICP-targetted therapies are being used in children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the United Kingdom. To evaluate current practice against recently published guidelines.

Design And Setting: Prospective data collection of clinical and demographic information from paediatric and adult intensive care units in the UK and Ireland admitting children (< 16 years) with TBI between February 2001 and August 2003.

Return to driving after traumatic brain injury: a British perspective.

Primary Objective: To identify the current legal situation and professional practice in assisting persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to return to safe driving after injury.

Methods And Procedures: A brief review of relevant literature, a description of the current statutory and quasi-statutory authorities regulating return to driving after TBI in the UK and a description of the nature and resolution of clinical and practical dilemmas facing professionals helping return to safe driving after TBI. Each of the 15 UK mobility centres was contacted and literature requested; in addition a representative of each centre responded to a structured telephone survey.

Behaviour and school performance after brain injury.

Primary Objective: To examine the relationship between behavioural problems and school performance following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Subjects: 67 school-age children with TBI (35 mild, 13 moderate, 19 severe) and 14 uninjured matched controls. Parents and children were interviewed at a mean of 2 years post-TBI.

Mentally disordered offenders with a history of previous head injury: are they more difficult to discharge?

Primary Objectives: To identify the incidence of head injury (HI) amongst mentally disordered offenders (MDOs) in UK medium secure units (MSUs) and test the hypothesis that patients with a history of HI are more difficult to discharge than patients without HI. DESIGN, METHODS AND PROCEDURES: One hundred and thirteen MDOs being discharged to community settings from five MSUs in England were recruited consecutively between 1 April 1999 and 31 December 2000. Data on previous HI, offending history and discharge planning were collected from clinical case notes, structured questionnaires and interviews with clinical staff.

Prevalence of traumatic brain injury amongst children admitted to hospital in one health district: a population-based study.

There is a dearth of information regarding the prevalence of brain injury, serious enough to require hospital admission, amongst children in UK. In North Staffordshire, a register of all children admitted with traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been maintained since 1992 presenting an opportunity to investigate the incidence of TBI within the region in terms of age, cause of injury, injury severity and social deprivation. The register contains details of 1553 children with TBI, two-thirds of whom are male.

Parental stress and burden following traumatic brain injury amongst children and adolescents.

Primary Objectives: To assess parental stress following paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), and examine the relationship between self-reported problems, parental stress and general health.

Research Design: Parents of 97 children admitted with a TBI (49 mild, 19 moderate, 29 severe) to North Staffordshire National Health Service Trust, and parents of 31 uninjured children were interviewed and assessed.

Methods And Procedures: Structured interviews were carried out with families, and parents assessed on the Parenting Stress Index (PSI/SF) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) at recruitment, and repeated 12 months later.

Reported problems and their resolution following mild, moderate and severe traumatic brain injury amongst children and adolescents in the UK.

Primary Objectives: To examine the problems reported by families of children who have suffered traumatic brain injury (TBI), and how these differ from problems reported by control families. To identify those problems most likely to resolve over time, and to examine information and follow-up requirements. DESIGN, METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The families of 97 children with mild (49), moderate (19) and severe (29) TBI, aged 5-15 at injury, were interviewed and assessed at a mean of 2.