NLM-Chem-BC7: manually annotated full-text resources for chemical entity annotation and indexing in biomedical articles.

The automatic recognition of chemical names and their corresponding database identifiers in biomedical text is an important first step for many downstream text-mining applications. The task is even more challenging when considering the identification of these entities in the article's full text and, furthermore, the identification of candidate substances for that article's metadata [Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) article indexing]. The National Library of Medicine (NLM)-Chem track at BioCreative VII aimed to foster the development of algorithms that can predict with high quality the chemical entities in the biomedical literature and further identify the chemical substances that are candidates for article indexing.

NLM-Chem, a new resource for chemical entity recognition in PubMed full text literature.

Automatically identifying chemical and drug names in scientific publications advances information access for this important class of entities in a variety of biomedical disciplines by enabling improved retrieval and linkage to related concepts. While current methods for tagging chemical entities were developed for the article title and abstract, their performance in the full article text is substantially lower. However, the full text frequently contains more detailed chemical information, such as the properties of chemical compounds, their biological effects and interactions with diseases, genes and other chemicals.

Follow-up after asymptomatic penetrating thoracic injury: 3 hours is enough.

Background: Patients with asymptomatic penetrating thoracic injuries routinely undergo chest radiographs (CXRs) upon emergency department (ED) arrival, and then 6 hours later to exclude delayed pneumothorax (PTX) or hemothorax (HTX). Although previous reports indicate that up to 12% (mean, 3%) of asymptomatic penetrating thoracic injuries are complicated by delayed PTX or HTX, we hypothesized that these events would be detectable after only 3 hours of observation. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of delayed thoracic injury at 3 hours and 6 hours using standard CXR.

Emergency department thoracotomy: survival of the least expected.

Although emergency department thoracotomy (EDT) is often considered a controversial "last chance" method of resuscitation, we hypothesized that EDT performed in a busy urban Level I trauma center has significant salvage rates despite the absence of traditional survival predictors. A retrospective review revealed that 180 patients underwent EDT after traumatic arrest for penetrating injury between 2000 and 2005. All were deemed nonsalvageable by other resuscitation methods.

Emergency department thoracotomy: still useful after abdominal exsanguination?

Background: Although literature regarding emergency department thoracotomy (EDT) outcome after abdominal exsanguination is limited, numerous reports have documented poor EDT survival in patients with anatomic injuries other than cardiac wounds. As a result, many trauma surgeons consider prelaparotomy EDT futile for patients dying from intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Our primary study objective was to prove that prelaparotomy EDT is beneficial to patients with exsanguinating abdominal hemorrhage.

A cost-effective approach to establishing a surgical skills laboratory.

Background: Recent studies comparing inexpensive low-fidelity box trainers to expensive computer-based virtual reality systems demonstrate similar acquisition of surgical skills and transferability to the clinical setting. With new mandates emerging that all surgical residency programs have access to a surgical skills laboratory, we describe our cost-effective approach to teaching basic and advanced open and laparoscopic skills utilizing inexpensive bench models, box trainers, and animate models.

Methods: Open models (basic skills, bowel anastomosis, vascular anastomosis, trauma skills) and laparoscopic models (basic skills, cholecystectomy, Nissen fundoplication, suturing and knot tying, advanced in vivo skills) are constructed using a combination of materials found in our surgical research laboratories, retail stores, or donated by industry.

Prehospital procedures before emergency department thoracotomy: "scoop and run" saves lives.

Background: The role of prehospital healthcare personnel in the management of acutely injured patients is rapidly evolving. However, the performance of prehospital procedures on unstable, penetrating trauma patients remains controversial. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that survival of most critically injured penetrating trauma patients requiring emergency department thoracotomy (EDT) would be improved if procedures were restricted until arrival to the trauma bay.

A ten-year retrospective review: does pyloric exclusion improve clinical outcome after penetrating duodenal and combined pancreaticoduodenal injuries?

Objectives: We sought to determine whether the performance of pyloric exclusion during repair of penetrating advanced duodenal injuries prevents postoperative duodenal fistulas and improves clinical outcome.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients from 1995 to 2004 with penetrating duodenal injuries >or=grade II and all combined pancreaticoduodenal injuries was performed. Patients managed either without or with pyloric exclusion were compared on the basis of age, sex, mechanism, injury grade, Injury Severity Score (ISS), hemodynamic stability, the presence of vascular injury or associated injuries, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and mortality.

Immediate postoperative complications of combined penetrating rectal and bladder injuries.

Background: Combined penetrating trauma involving the rectum and bladder has been associated with increased postoperative morbidity. Specific complications resulting from these injuries include colovesical fistula, urinoma, and abscess formation.

Methods: A retrospective review of Temple University Hospital trauma database was performed.

Effects of aldosterone receptor blockade in patients with mild-moderate heart failure taking a beta-blocker.

Aims: Spironolactone improves prognosis in severe heart failure (HF). We investigated its effects in patients with mild-moderate HF treated with an ACE inhibitor and beta-blocker.

Methods And Results: Randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, 3-month comparison of placebo and spironolactone (25 mg daily) in 40 patients in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I (20%), II (70%) or III (10%), with a left ventricular ejection fraction of <40%.

Gastrostomy tube placement outcomes: comparison of surgical, endoscopic, and laparoscopic methods.

Background: Advances in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and laparoscopic (LAP) techniques now allow for less invasive placement of gastrostomy tubes. This study compared morbidities and feeding outcomes of these procedures with standard surgical (OPEN) insertion.

Methods: Gastrostomy tubes placed in the operating room by the PEG, LAP, and OPEN methods were compared for insertion times, tube insertion and maintenance complications, enteral feeding complications, and feeding start days.

Successful collaborative model for trauma skills training of surgical and emergency medicine residents in a laboratory setting.

Objectives: To determine whether interdepartmental educational and technical resources could be combined to successfully train surgery and emergency medicine residents in common diagnostic and therapeutic trauma skills outside the traditional hospital setting.

Design: Curriculum improvement survey.

Setting: Surgical Skills Laboratory, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Potential suitability for transplantation of hearts from human non-heart-beating donors: data review from the Gift of Life Donor Program.

Background: Organ availability limits use of heart transplantation for treatment for end-stage heart disease. Hearts are currently obtained from donors declared brain dead (heart-beating donors [HBDs]). Although use of hearts from non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) could reduce the shortage, they are considered unusable because of possible peri-mortem ischemic injury.

Effects of nutrient and hemoglobin enriched cell free perfusates upon ex vivo isolated rat heart preparation.

We evaluated the effects of nutrient enriched medium and hemoglobin based oxygen carrier (HBOC) upon myocardial functional recovery after 15 minutes of warm ischemia in an isovolumic Langendorff rat heart model. Hearts (n = 8/group) were perfused at constant pressure (90 mm Hg) with Krebs-Henseleit buffer or HEPES modified cell culture medium (M199) in the absence and presence of HBOC. Hearts received 15 minutes of normothermic no flow ischemia followed by 60 minutes reperfusion.

Successful transplantation of an older donor heart with documented myocardial bridging: a case report.

Myocardial bridging, the overlying of myocardial tissue onto epicardial coronary arteries, is an anatomic variant that is widely present in the general population. This condition can be associated with reduced forward coronary flow. Once these hearts are identified in potential donors by either visual inspection or coronary catheterization, they may no longer be considered suitable for transplantation.

Effect of adenoviral-mediated transfer of transforming growth factor-beta1 on colonic anastomotic healing.

Purpose: Transforming growth factor-beta1 plays a central role in colonic repair. We examined the temporal effect of vector-mediated transfer of transforming growth factor-beta1 on colonic anastomotic healing.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) underwent transection of the distal colon and single-layer anastomosis.

Effect of older donor age on risk for mortality after heart transplantation.

Background: Despite the increasingly common use of donor hearts at least 50 years of age, controversy still remains regarding long-term outcome. Our goal was to determine if older donor age is associated with an increased risk of mortality and specifically if the use of donor hearts at least 50 years of age reduces survival.

Methods: We retrospectively studied records of all primary heart transplants performed between January 1990 and July 2002.

Laparoscopic esophagomyotomy for achalasia: does anterior hemifundoplication affect clinical outcome?

Objective: To determine whether the addition of anterior hemifundoplication to laparoscopic esophagomyotomy for achalasia yields better clinical outcomes than laparoscopic esophagomyotomy alone.

Summary Background Data: Although hemifundoplication may prevent gastroesophageal reflux after esophagomyotomy for achalasia, it may also lead to persistent dysphagia in these patients with esophageal aperistalsis.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 51 consecutive patients (mean age 47.

WITHDRAWN BY THE AUTHORS: Molecular mechanism of extracellular nucleotide-induced degranulation from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: Role of leukotriene B4 and p38 MAP kinase as essential intermediates.

WITHDRAWN BY THE AUTHORS.

Removal of RNA impurities by tangential flow filtration in an RNase-free plasmid DNA purification process.

Addition of animal-derived ribonuclease A to degrade RNA impurities is not recommended in the manufacture of pharmaceutical-grade plasmid DNA. Tangential flow filtration (TFF) takes advantage of the significant size difference between RNA and plasmid DNA to remove RNA in the permeate while plasmid remains in the retentate, in an RNase-free plasmid purification process. Operating conditions including transmembrane pressure, membrane pore size, conductivity of the diafiltration buffer, and plasmid load on the membrane were investigated to maximize RNA clearance.

Off-pump technique for Thoratec left ventricular assist device insertion.

We present a case of left ventricular assist device (Thoratec; Thoratec Laboratories Corp, Pleasanton, CA) insertion performed through a left thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass in a patient with severe end-stage congestive heart failure with renal and respiratory dysfunction and a history of multiple cardiac operations.

Is the pregnancy hormone relaxin also a vasodilator peptide secreted by the heart?

Background: It has been shown recently that the pregnancy and parturition hormone, relaxin, is secreted by the heart. This study examined the effects of relaxin in small human resistance arteries from the systemic and pulmonary circulations.

Methods And Results: Arteries were obtained from gluteal biopsies and resected lung tissue and studied with the use of wire myography.