Oral Favipiravir Exposure and Pharmacodynamic Effects in Adult Outpatients With Acute Influenza.

Background: The pharmacokinetics of oral favipiravir and the relationships of plasma concentrations to antiviral effects are incompletely studied in influenza.

Methods: Serial plasma samples were collected from adults with uncomplicated influenza who were randomized to favipiravir (1800 mg twice a day on day 1, 800 mg twice a day on days 2 to 5; n = 827) or placebo (n = 419) in 2 phase 3 trials. Post hoc analyses assessed the frequency of reaching an average minimum concentration (Cmin) ≥20 µg/mL, its association with antiviral efficacy, and factors associated with reduced favipiravir exposure.

A case report of a brain herniation secondary to cryptococcal meningitis with elevated intracranial pressure in a patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS).

Background: Cryptococcal meningitis is a major opportunistic infection in individuals with HIV. The worldwide annual incidence is estimated to be approximately one million cases per year, with the most significant burden in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis continues to have a high mortality rate despite widespread availability and use of HAART.

Favipiravir Treatment of Uncomplicated Influenza in Adults: Results of Two Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials.

Background: We conducted double-blind, placebo-controlled trials assessing the efficacy and tolerability of favipiravir in acute influenza.

Methods: Otherwise healthy adults with influenza-like symptoms and fever of ≤48 hours were randomized to favipiravir (1800 mg twice daily [BID] on day 1, 800 mg BID on days 2-5) or placebo tablets (1:1 in US316; 3:1 in US317). The primary efficacy endpoint was the time to illness alleviation when 6 influenza symptoms were self-rated as absent or mild and fever was absent in the intention-to-treat, influenza-infected participants.

Favipiravir for Treatment of Outpatients With Asymptomatic or Uncomplicated Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Trial.

Background: Favipiravir, an oral, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, has in vitro activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite limited data, favipiravir is administered to patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in several countries.

Methods: We conducted a phase 2, double-blind, randomized controlled outpatient trial of favipiravir in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic adults with a positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) within 72 hours of enrollment.

US201 Study: A Phase 2, Randomized Proof-of-Concept Trial of Favipiravir for the Treatment of COVID-19.

Background: Favipiravir is used to treat influenza, and studies demonstrate that it has antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Methods: We performed a randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase 2 proof-of-concept trial of favipiravir in hospitalized adult patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients were randomized to standard of care (SOC) or favipiravir treatment (1800mg per os twice a day [b.

Instrument Development: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Confidence in Palliative Care Concepts Held by Trauma and Neuroscience Intensive Care Nurses.

Background And Purpose: Unique pressures impact trauma intensive care unit (TICU) nurses in their provision of care for severely injured patients. When it becomes clinically obvious that these patients may not survive, TICU nurses must continue life-saving measures while at the same time consider a palliative care consultation. In order to facilitate this referral, TICU nurses need to have the appropriate knowledge, attitude, and confidence in doing so.

A Collaborative Academic-Practice Approach to Meeting Educational and Workforce Needs.

This article describes an innovative academic-practice partnership designed to promote new nurse competency and meet employer needs for graduates with in-demand knowledge and competencies in specialty patient populations. Three practice partners identified areas of need and with the school of nursing developed specialty nursing elective courses with precepted clinical experiences.

Efficacy of favipiravir (T-705) in nonhuman primates infected with Ebola virus or Marburg virus.

Favipiravir is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent that has demonstrated efficacy against Ebola virus (EBOV) in rodents. However, there are no published reports of favipiravir efficacy for filovirus infection of nonhuman primates (NHPs). Here we evaluated the pharmacokinetic profile of favipiravir in NHPs, as well as in vivo efficacy against two filoviruses, EBOV and Marburg virus (MARV).

Intracellular conversion and in vivo dose response of favipiravir (T-705) in rodents infected with Ebola virus.

During the 2013-2016 Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa, our team at USAMRIID evaluated the antiviral activity of a number of compounds, including favipiravir (T-705), in vitro and in mouse and nonhuman primate (NHP) models of Ebola virus disease. In this short communication, we present our findings for favipiravir in cell culture and in mice, while an accompanying paper presents the results of NHP studies. We confirmed previous reports that favipiravir has anti-EBOV activity in mice.

Favipiravir inhibits acetaminophen sulfate formation but minimally affects systemic pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen.

Aims: The antiviral agent favipiravir is likely to be co-prescribed with acetaminophen (paracetamol). The present study evaluated the possiblility of a pharmacokinetic interaction between favipiravir and acetaminophen, in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: The effect of favipivir on the transformation of acetaminophen to its glucuronide and sulfate metabolites was studied using a pooled human hepatic S9 fraction in vitro.

Bedside assessment of tissue oxygen saturation monitoring in critically ill adults: an integrative review of the literature.

Objective. Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) monitoring is a noninvasive technology with the purpose of alerting the clinician of peripheral hypoperfusion and the onset of tissue hypoxia. This integrative review examines the rigor and quality of studies focusing on StO2 monitoring in adult critically ill patients.

Does race affect readmission to hospital after critical illness?

Objective: To examine the influence of race on 7-day hospital readmission rates after discharge of critically ill patients.

Methods: Racial status is a risk factor for early (within 7 days) hospital readmission after initial recovery from critical illness and respiratory failure. This was a retrospective cohort study that took place in a 350-bed community hospital.

A capstone teaching project for undergraduate nursing students: development of a visual teaching-learning tool.

The purpose of this article is to describe an original teaching-learning capstone project designed to promote active learning by senior nursing students as they transition to professional practice. The centerpiece of the capstone experience is the creation of a three-dimensional educational tool called a Visual Project, which addresses the learning needs of patients, their families, or the nursing staff. Students create their project during the spring semester of their senior year, when they are paired with an experienced, baccalaureate-prepared nurse preceptor.

Weaning readiness and fluid balance in older critically ill surgical patients.

Background: Few studies address predictors for successful weaning of older adults from mechanical ventilation.

Objective: To develop a clinical profile of older patients who are successfully weaned from long-term mechanical ventilation.

Methods: Forty patients in the trauma and surgical intensive care unit who were at least 60 years old were enrolled in the study after 3 days of active weaning and were monitored daily until successfully weaned or until the end of the 14-day study.

Lights! Camera! Action!: video projects in the classroom.

We report on two classroom video projects intended to promote active student involvement in their classroom experience during a year-long medical-surgical nursing course. We implemented two types of projects, Nursing Grand Rounds and FPBTV. The projects are templates that can be applied to any nursing specialty and can be implemented without the use of video technology.

Weaning older patients from long-term mechanical ventilation: a pilot study.

Background: As older persons in the intensive care unit increasingly require long-term mechanical ventilation, accurate indications of readiness for weaning from ventilatory support are needed to avoid premature extubation.

Objective: To describe temporal changes in pulmonary and systemic variables in older adults receiving long-term mechanical ventilation.

Methods: After 3 days of unsuccessful attempts at weaning from ventilatory support, 10 trauma and surgical patients more than 60 years old were monitored daily.