Use of the FIM instrument in a trial of intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Objective: This study is a secondary analysis of results from the Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group multicenter trial. We investigated the effect of interferon beta-1a on disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), using the FIM instrument to assess levels of decline in total, motor, and cognitive items.

Design: Of the 301 patients enrolled in the trial, 274 subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with baseline FIM and Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale scores were studied in this secondary analysis.

Sex differences in in vitro pro-inflammatory cytokine production from peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis patients.

We compared the patterns of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) from peripheral blood of male and female patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). The relationships between pro-inflammatory cytokines and disability (expanded disability status scale, EDSS) were also examined. Peripheral blood anti-coagulated with heparin was obtained from 47 MS patients (30 women and 17 men) and activated with phorbol-12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA) and ionomycin in the presence of brefeldin A and stained for flow cytometry with fluorescently labeled antibodies against intracellular IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10.