Association of Cannabis Use and At-Risk Alcohol Use With Intimate Partner Violence in an Urban ED Sample.

Introduction: Urban ED patients have elevated rates of substance use and intimate partner violence. The purpose of this study is to describe the risk profiles for intimate partner violence among urban ED patients who report at-risk alcohol use only, cannabis use only, or both types of substance use.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey data were collected from study participants (N = 1037; 53% female; ages 18-50) following informed consent.

Interrelationships of Economic Stressors, Mental Health Problems, Substance Use, and Intimate Partner Violence among Hispanic Emergency Department Patients: The Role of Language-Based Acculturation.

We analyzed the interrelationships of economic stressors, mental health problems, substance use, and intimate partner violence (IPV) among a sample of Hispanic emergency department patients and probed if Spanish language preference, which may represent low acculturation and/or immigrant status, had a protective effect, in accordance with the Hispanic health paradox. Study participants ( = 520; 50% female; 71% Spanish speakers) provided cross-sectional survey data. Gender-stratified logistic regression models were estimated for mental health problems (PTSD, anxiety, depression), substance use (risky drinking, cannabis, illicit drug use), and IPV.

Frequency of Intimate Partner Violence among an Urban Emergency Department Sample: A Multilevel Analysis.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive public health problem. Within the U.S.

Drinking Context-Specific Dose-Response Models of Intimate Partner Violence Among an Urban Emergency Department Sample.

Objective: This cross-sectional study evaluates the association between physical intimate partner violence (IPV) and frequencies of drinking and volume consumed in six different contexts among a sample of urban emergency department (ED) patients.

Method: We obtained survey data from 1,037 married, cohabiting, or partnered patients (53% female; 50% Hispanic; 29% African American) at a Northern California safety-net hospital. Past-year physical IPV was measured with the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale.

Adverse childhood experiences are associated with at-risk drinking, cannabis and illicit drug use in females but not males: an Emergency Department study.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with adult substance use in the general population. Given pervasive health disparities among underserved populations, understanding how ACEs are associated with substance use among urban Emergency Department (ED) patients could help inform design of effective screening, brief interventions, and referral to treatment.

Objectives: To estimate gender differences in prevalence of separate and cumulative ACEs among a sample of urban ED patients, and assess its association with at-risk drinking (4+/5+ drinks for females/males), cannabis, and illicit drug use.

Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration in Latino Men: The Mediating Effects of Mental Health.

Purpose: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health problem that disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S. This study examines risk factors for IPV perpetration that are salient for racial/ethnic minorities; specifically, we test if racial/ethnic discrimination among Latino men is associated with IPV perpetration, if poor mental health (MH) mediates this link, and whether relationships differ by immigrant status.

Co-Occurrence of Multiple Risk Factors and Intimate Partner Violence in an Urban Emergency Department.

Introduction: Urban emergency departments (ED) provide care to populations with multiple health-related and overlapping risk factors, many of which are associated with intimate partner violence (IPV). We examine the 12-month rate of physical IPV and its association with multiple joint risk factors in an urban ED.

Methods: Research assistants surveyed patients regarding IPV exposure, associated risk factors, and other sociodemographic features.

Problem Drinking and Marijuana Use as Risks for Unidirectional and Bidirectional Partner Violence.

Despite evidence that most who perpetrate intimate partner violence (IPV) also report victimization, little is known about bidirectional IPV among Emergency Department (ED) patients and its association with problem drinking and marijuana use. We conducted an observational, cross-sectional survey among low- and moderate-acuity patients at a Northern California safety-net ED. Physical IPV was measured with the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2).

Gender Differences in Smoking Among an Urban Emergency Department Sample.

Background: Urban emergency department (ED) patients have elevated smoking and substance use compared with the general population. We analyzed gender differences in smoking among an urban ED sample and assessed the contribution of substance use, demographic, and couple factors.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data obtained from a cross-sectional, observational survey (N = 1037 participants) on drinking, drug use, and intimate partner violence (IPV).

Drinking and Intimate Partner Violence Severity Levels Among U.S. Ethnic Groups in an Urban Emergency Department.

Background: Emergency departments (EDs) provide care to ethnically diverse populations with multiple health-related risk factors, many of which are associated with intimate partner violence (IPV). This paper examines ethnic-specific 12-month rates of physical IPV by severity and their association with drinking and other sociodemographic and personality correlates in an urban ED sample.

Methods: Research assistants surveyed patients at an urban ED regarding IPV exposure as well as patterns of alcohol and drug use, psychological distress, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and other sociodemographic features.

Prevalence and Correlates of Current and Former Smoking among Urban Transit Workers.

Transit workers constitute a blue-collar occupational group that have elevated smoking rates relative to other sectors of employed adults in the United States. This study analyzed cross-sectional tobacco survey data from 935 workers (60% African American; 37% female) employed at an urban public transit agency in California. Prevalence of current and former smoking was 20.

Discrepant Patterns of Heavy Drinking, Marijuana Use, and Smoking and Intimate Partner Violence: Results From the California Community Health Study of Couples.

This study analyzed whether discrepant (husband or wife use only) or concordant (both partners use) patterns of heavy drinking, marijuana use, and smoking are associated with increased risk for male-to-female partner violence and female-to-male partner violence among adult couples. Based on a geographic sample of married or cohabiting couples residing in 50 California cities, logistic regression analyses were conducted using dyadic data on past-year partner violence, binge drinking and frequency of intoxication, marijuana use, and smoking. When all substance use patterns were included simultaneously, wife-only heavy drinking couples were at elevated risk for male-to-female partner violence, as were concordant marijuana-using couples.

Smoking cessation among transit workers: beliefs and perceptions among an at-risk occupational group.

Background: Transit workers, in comparison to the general population, have higher rates of smoking. Although smoking cessation programs are often available through workers' HMOs, these programs are frequently underutilized. Quitting practices, including participation in cessation programs, are often associated with beliefs about smoking behaviors and the ability to quit.

Alcohol outlet density, drinking contexts and intimate partner violence: a review of environmental risk factors.

Alcohol use is a robust predictor of intimate partner violence (IPV). A critical barrier to progress in preventing alcohol-related IPV is that little is known about how an individual's specific drinking contexts (where, how often, and with whom one drinks) are related to IPV, or how these contexts are affected by environmental characteristics, such as alcohol outlet density and neighborhood disadvantage. The putative mechanism is the social environment in which drinking occurs that may promote or strengthen aggressive norms.

BINGE DRINKING, SMOKING AND MARIJUANA USE: THE ROLE OF WOMEN's LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION.

This study analyzed the role of women's labor force participation in relation to binge drinking, smoking and marijuana use among employment age married/cohabiting women. The sample consisted of 956 women who were employed as construction workers (n=104), or were unemployed (n=101), homemakers (n=227) or employed in non-physically demanding occupations (n=524). Results of multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that women construction workers were at elevated risk for smoking and monthly binge drinking; unemployed women were more likely to use marijuana.

Intimate Partner Violence among California Couples: Multilevel Analysis of Environmental and Partner Risk Factors.

This study assessed the extent to which environmental (Census block-group alcohol outlet density, neighborhood demographic characteristics) and partner risk factors (e.g., hazardous drinking, psychosocial characteristics) contribute to the likelihood of intimate partner violence among 1,753 couples residing in 50 medium-to-large California cities.

Perceived Unfair Treatment and Problem Drinking among U.S. Navy Careerists.

This mixed method paper assessed interrelationships of unfair treatment at work, stress, and problem drinking amongst a sample of U.S. Navy careerists.

Drinking context-specific associations between intimate partner violence and frequency and volume of alcohol consumption.

Aims: To quantify two specific aspects of drinking in various venues (past-year frequency of drinking in each venue and volume consumed per venue) and assess their relationships with intimate partner violence.

Design, Setting And Participants: A geographic sample of married or cohabiting couples residing in 50 medium-to-large cities in California, USA (n = 1585 couples) was obtained. Cross-sectional survey data were collected via confidential telephone interviews.

Divergent Drinking Patterns of Restaurant Workers: The Influence of Social Networks and Job Position.

Restaurant workers have higher rates of problem drinking than most occupational groups. However, little is known about the environmental risks and work characteristics that may lead to these behaviors. An exploration of restaurant workers' drinking networks may provide important insights into their alcohol consumption patterns, thus guiding workplace prevention efforts.

Contributions of work stressors, alcohol, and normative beliefs to partner violence.

Objective: A body of research has established that lower socioeconomic populations, including blue-collar workers, are at higher risk for problem drinking and intimate partner violence. This study of married/cohabiting construction workers and their spouses/partners describes how work stressors, hazardous drinking, and couple characteristics interact to influence normative beliefs around partner violence and, thereafter, its occurrence.

Method: Our survey respondents from a sample of 502 dual-earner couples were asked about drinking patterns, past-year partner violence, normative beliefs about partner violence, work-related stressors, impulsivity, and childhood exposure to violence and other adverse events.

Adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner violence: testing psychosocial mediational pathways among couples.

Purpose: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with an increased likelihood of intimate partner violence (IPV) in adulthood. We tested whether psychosocial factors, such as depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and problem drinking, mediate associations between ACEs and IPV.

Methods: Couple data from a cross-sectional sample of married/cohabiting couples residing in 50 medium-to-large California cities (n = 1861 couples) were used.

Alcohol Policy Comprehension, Compliance and Consequences Among Young Adult Restaurant Workers.

This study explores relationships between young adult restaurant employees' understanding and compliance with workplace alcohol control policies and consequences of alcohol policy violation. A mixed method analysis of 67 semi-structured interviews and 1,294 telephone surveys from restaurant chain employees found that alcohol policy details confused roughly a third of employees. Among current drinkers (n=1,093), multivariable linear regression analysis found that frequency of alcohol policy violation was positively associated with frequency of experiencing problems at work; perceived supervisor enforcement of alcohol policy was negatively associated with this outcome.

Drinking context and intimate partner violence: evidence from the California community health study of couples.

Objective: Couples in which one or both partners is a heavy or problem drinker are at elevated risk for intimate partner violence (IPV), yet little is known about the extent to which each partner's drinking in different contexts (volume consumed per setting in bars, parties, at home, or in public places) increases the likelihood that partner aggression will occur. This study examined associations between the volume consumed in different settings by each partner and the occurrence and frequency of IPV.

Method: We obtained a geographic sample of married or cohabiting couples residing in 50 medium to large California cities.

Food Service Employee Alcohol Use, Hangovers and Norms During and After Work Hours.

AIMS: This paper presents analyses of norms and behavior concerning drinking before, during, and after work hours among U.S. bar-restaurant chain employees, with a focus on hangovers at work and their correlates.

Alcohol outlet density and intimate partner violence-related emergency department visits.

Background: Previous research has identified risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) severity, injury, and emergency department (ED) visits. These risk factors have been shown at both the individual level (heavy drinking and other substance use on the part of 1 or both partners) and the neighborhood level (residence in an area characterized by poverty and social disadvantage). Alcohol outlet density has been linked with assaultive violence in community settings, but has not been analyzed in relation to IPV-related ED visits.