Physiatry for Treating Hip, Knee, and Back Pain.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) is a rapidly expanding field. Physicians who practice PM&R are known as physiatrists and provide care primarily for patients who have disabilities or physical impairments affecting the musculoskeletal system, brain, and spinal cord. Physiatrists may work in an inpatient or outpatient setting, with outpatient physiatrists being an invaluable resource in treating patients experiencing pain.

Blood Management for the Orthopaedic Surgical Patient.

Prevention and management of anemia and blood loss in the orthopaedic patient undergoing surgery is a major concern for healthcare providers and patients. Although transfusion technology can be lifesaving, there are risks to blood products that have led to increased awareness of blood management and development of hospital patient blood management programs. Use of patient blood management can be effective in addressing preoperative anemia, a major modifiable risk factor in patients undergoing surgery.

The Future of Nursing: Application of Health Equity in Orthopaedics.

The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity report was released in May 2021 by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The goal is attainment of health equity in the United States using nursing capacity and expertise by designing a pathway for the nursing profession to generate a culture of health, reduce health disparities, and improve the nation's health and well-being. The focus of this article is to develop an awareness and understanding of the nine Future of Nursing recommendations for attaining health equity over the next decade with an application to orthopaedic nursing.

Transgender Individuals and Osteoporosis Prevention.

Background: Risk behaviors and hormone use place transgender individuals (TIs) in jeopardy for osteoporosis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to expand the science about the knowledge, health beliefs, and osteoporosis (OP) preventing behaviors of TIs.

Methods: This was a mixed-methods pilot study of a convenience sample of 31 TIs 30 years and older.

Caring for the Transgender Individual.

Issues about transgender individuals (TIs) as a disparate population are now being more openly discussed in the general public. However, healthcare providers often express feeling uncomfortable in interacting with TIs because they have not been educated about care of TIs and often base their care on insensitive stereotyping. The purpose of this informational article is to provide a foundation of knowledge for nurses and healthcare professionals for providing competent patient-centered care for TIs.

Bone density, health beliefs, and osteoporosis preventing behaviors in men.

Purpose: To examine the effect of bone mineral density (BMD) screening via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) results on osteoporosis preventing behaviors (OPB), knowledge of osteoporosis, and health beliefs of men aged 50 years or older (N = 196) was evaluated.

Design: An experimental, 2-group longitudinal design was used. The independent variable was DXA, dependent variables were osteoporosis preventing behaviors, and mediating variables were general knowledge of osteoporosis and Health Belief variables.

Structural model for osteoporosis preventing behavior in men.

This longitudinal study evaluates the effect of bone mineral density screening on calcium intake and daily exercise of 196 healthy men older than 50 years over a period of 1 year. In this randomized clinical trial, the experimental group received personal bone density information via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The men completed measures addressing knowledge, health beliefs, calcium intake, and exercise behaviors.

Validation of the Osteoporosis Smoking Health Belief instrument.

Smoking has a deleterious effect on bone mineral density. Psychometric properties were conducted for 3 smoking cessation subscales of the Osteoporosis Smoking Health Belief (OSHB) instrument: barriers, benefits, and self-efficacy. The instrument was evaluated by 6 nurse researchers, administered to a pilot sample of 23 adult smokers aged 19-39, and to a convenience sample of 59 adult smokers aged 19-84 years attending bingo at churches and community centers.

The clinical nurse specialist as change agent: reducing employee injury and related costs.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was, first, to examine the role of the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) as it relates to the implementation of a CNS-initiated Safe Movement Program and, second, to report findings from a CNS-initiated safe movement program (SMP) in reducing healthcare workers' injuries and related costs.

Design: A longitudinal preimplementation and postimplementation study design was used.

Setting: Healthcare workers in a 156-bed, extended-care facility (nursing home) participated in the study.

Judgments of critical care nurses about risk for secondary brain injury.

Background: Interdisciplinary care for patients with traumatic brain injury focuses on treating the primary brain injury and limiting further brain damage from secondary injury. Intensive care unit nurses have an integral role in preventing secondary brain injury; however, little is known about factors that influence nurses' judgments about risk for secondary brain injury.

Objective: To investigate which physiological and situational variables influence judgments of intensive care unit nurses about patients' risk for secondary brain injury, management solely with nursing interventions, and management by consulting another member of the health care team.

Recommended weight limits for lifting and holding limbs in the orthopaedic practice setting.

Nurses and other caregivers face high risk for developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders while lifting and holding limbs in the orthopaedic practice setting. A task force including representatives from the National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses, American Nurses Association, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Patient Safety Center of Inquiry at the James A. Haley Veterans Administration Medical Center in Tampa, Diligent Services, and Guldmann, Inc.

Development of the National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses guidance statement on safe patient handling and movement in the orthopaedic setting.

High-risk patient-handling tasks lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders for orthopaedic nurses and other members of the healthcare team who are involved in moving patients with orthopaedic issues. Serious consequences can arise from manually moving/lifting these patients. A task force was organized that included representatives from the National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses, the Patient Safety Center of Inquiry at the James A.

Osteoporosis knowledge, health beliefs, and DXA T-scores in men and women 50 years of age and older.

Purpose: To compare the knowledge of osteoporosis, revised health belief model variables (RHBM), and DXA (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) T-scores among men and women 50 years of age and older.

Design: This was a secondary analysis that used 218 healthy community-based women 50 to 65 years of age and 226 healthy community-based men >or=50 years of age. Data for women were collected for 18 months during 2001-2003, and data for men were collected for 18 months during 2004-2006.

DXA, health beliefs, and osteoporosis prevention behaviors.

Objective: This experimental longitudinal study was designed to examine the relationship between having a bone density through dual energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA) and osteoporosis preventing behaviors (OPB) among healthy postmenopausal women.

Methods: Subjects were 203 healthy community-based women 50-65 years of age. Mediating variables were general knowledge of osteoporosis and revised health belief model variables.

Structural model for osteoporosis preventing behavior in postmenopausal women.

Background: Osteoporosis prevention behaviors (OPBs) can prevent and delay bone deterioration; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan can identify osteoporosis and provide personal osteoporosis risk information that may promote prevention behaviors.

Objectives: This study was designed to estimate relationships between receiving personal knowledge of bone mineral density (gained through DXA scan), general knowledge of osteoporosis, health beliefs, and the two OPBs of calcium intake and weight-bearing exercise in healthy postmenopausal women 50 to 65 years.

Methods: In this longitudinal, randomized clinical trial (including covariates), receipt of personal DXA information was manipulated by random assignment to the experimental or control group.

Tailored interventions to enhance osteoporosis prevention in women.

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if tailored nursing interventions based on personal knowledge of bone mineral density from a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry cause increases in knowledge of osteoporosis, health beliefs, or osteoporosis-prevention behaviors in postmenopausal women 50-65 years of age, 6 months after the intervention.

Method: The design for this pilot study was a two group quasi-experimental design. The treatment group received a tailored intervention; the control group did not.

Cultural competence among nursing students and faculty.

Healthcare consumers are entitled to culturally competent care. Therefore, nursing curricula need to include cultural content and student nurses and faculty members need to be culturally competent. The purpose of the study was to describe cultural competence of students and faculty at a college of nursing and to discuss the implications for nursing curricula related to cultural competence.

Height change and bone mineral density: revisited.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between height change, osteoporosis risk factors, and bone mineral density.

Sample: Secondary data collected on 168 healthy women, ages 50 to 65 years, who had a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry screening of the hip and spine to determine bone mineral density.

Method: A quantitative secondary analysis of data that replicated in part a study by Hunt (1996).

Knowledge and health beliefs of osteoporosis in college nursing students.

Purpose: This purpose of this study was to describe college students' knowledge of osteoporosis, health beliefs regarding osteoporosis, self-efficacy to perform osteoporosis-preventing activities, and actual performance of osteoporosis-preventing activities.

Method: This descriptive study used a survey method. Participants completed a questionnaire consisting of the Osteoporosis preventing Behaviors Survey, the Osteoporosis Knowledge Test, the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale, and the Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy Scale.