Cupulolithiasis: A Critical Reappraisal.

Objective: To review the history and pathophysiologic theories for cupulolithiasis and canalith jam in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Data Sources: PubMed, Google Scholar.

Review Methods: Three PubMed and Google Scholar searches were performed, keywords: "cupulolithiasis," "apogeotropic [and] benign," and "canalith jam," resulting in 187 unique full-text articles in English or with English translation.

Reversible Canalith Jam of the Horizontal Semicircular Canal Mimicking Cupulolithiasis.

Objective: To describe a case of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) resulting in reversible horizontal semicircular canalith jam successfully treated with horizontal canal occlusion. A brief literature review of similar cases was performed.

Methods: Case report and literature review.

The Clinical Spectrum of Dizziness in Sleep Apnea.

Objective: Sleep apnea has been associated with dizziness, but the clinical characteristics of this dizziness have not been fully described. This study evaluated clinical descriptions of dizziness, vestibular diagnoses, and the response to treatment of dizzy patients with sleep apnea.

Patients: All subjects had a new diagnosis of sleep apnea with a confirmatory pulse oximetry or polysomnogram and received treatment for sleep apnea through our center.

Meniere's disease.

Meniere's disease (MD) is a disorder of the inner ear that causes vertigo attacks, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus and aural fullness. The aetiology of MD is multifactorial. A characteristic sign of MD is endolymphatic hydrops (EH), a disorder in which excessive endolymph accumulates in the inner ear and causes damage to the ganglion cells.

Optimal management of Ménière's disease.

Confusion in the nomenclature of Ménière's disease and lack of a standard definition of the disorder until 1995 has hampered accurate assessment of treatment efficacy since the presently defined disorder was first described in 1938. The lack of a widely accepted mechanism of the disease has also delayed the development of rational treatments. Past treatments have focused on relieving elevated pressures in the hydropic ear and more recently on treatment of underlying migraine.

Endolymphatic hydrops in Ménière's disease: cause, consequence, or epiphenomenon?

Objective: To determine the relationship of endolymphatic hydrops to Ménière's disease.

Data Sources: Comprehensive review of articles from 1938 through 2012 via Medline and Index Medicus.

Study Selection: Articles discussing Ménière's disease and/or endolymphatic hydrops that include temporal bone autopsy data.

Canal conversion and reentry: a risk of Dix-Hallpike during canalith repositioning procedures.

Objective: To determine the incidence, cause, and prevention of horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (H-BPPV) and reentry into the common crus during canalith repositioning procedures (CRPs).

Study Design: Prospective case series.

Setting: Academic tertiary referral center.