Direct Measurement of Charge Transfer Probability during Photodissociation of Few-keV OD Beam.

We have measured the photodissociation of few-keV OD molecular ions into either D + O or O + D final products. The three-dimensional momentum imaging measurements of the light and massive fragments in coincidence were enabled by using an upgraded two-detector setup. In this work, we show that absorption of a single 790 or 395 nm photon excites the OD from its electronic ground state to the B state, which dissociates to the O(S) + D dissociation limit.

Initial-site characterization of hydrogen migration following strong-field double-ionization of ethanol.

An essential problem in photochemistry is understanding the coupling of electronic and nuclear dynamics in molecules, which manifests in processes such as hydrogen migration. Measurements of hydrogen migration in molecules that have more than two equivalent hydrogen sites, however, produce data that is difficult to compare with calculations because the initial hydrogen site is unknown. We demonstrate that coincidence ion-imaging measurements of a few deuterium-tagged isotopologues of ethanol can determine the contribution of each initial-site composition to hydrogen-rich fragments following strong-field double ionization.

Relationship Between Patient-Centered Primary Care Provider Communication and Emergency Room Visits in the Medicaid Population in North Carolina, United States.

Introduction: Medicaid, a joint federal-state program, finances health care for eligible low-income individuals and families in the United States. Medicaid patients use disproportionately more emergency room (ER) services than other patients in the United States. Inadequate provider communication during primary care visits might be one reason for this well-documented phenomenon.

Implementation and Assessment of No Opioid Prescription Strategy at Discharge After Major Urologic Cancer Surgery.

Importance: Postoperative opioid prescriptions are associated with delayed recovery, perioperative complications, opioid use disorder, and diversion of overprescribed opioids, which places the community at risk of opioid misuse or addiction.

Objective: To assess a protocol for eliminating postdischarge opioid prescriptions after major urologic cancer surgery.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study of the no opioid prescriptions at discharge after surgery (NOPIOIDS) protocol was conducted between May 2017 and June 2021 at a tertiary referral center.

Two- and three-body fragmentation of multiply charged tribromomethane by ultrafast laser pulses.

We investigate the two- and three-body fragmentation of tribromomethane (bromoform, CHBr) resulting from multiple ionization by 28-femtosecond near-infrared laser pulses with a peak intensity of 6 × 10 W cm. The analysis focuses on channels consisting exclusively of ionic fragments, which are measured by coincidence momentum imaging. The dominant two-body fragmentation channel is found to be Br + CHBr.

Strong-Field-Induced Coulomb Explosion Imaging of Tribromomethane.

The Coulomb explosion of tribromomethane (bromoform, CHBr) induced by 28 fs near-infrared laser pulses is investigated by three-dimensional coincidence ion momentum imaging. We focus on the fragmentation into three, four, and five ionic fragments measured in coincidence and present different ways of visualizing the three-dimensional momentum correlations. We show that the experimentally observed momentum correlations for 4- and 5-fold coincidences are well reproduced by classical Coulomb explosion simulations and contain information about the structure of the parent molecule that could be used to differentiate structural isomers formed, for example, in a pump-probe experiment.

Interventions to Reduce Opioid Prescriptions following Urological Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Opioid prescriptions after surgery are major contributors to the opioid abuse epidemic. Several measures designed to limit opioid prescriptions at discharge have been evaluated. We conducted a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of various types of interventions in reducing opioid prescriptions after urological surgery.

Real-World Treatment Profiles, Clinical Outcomes, and Healthcare Resource Utilization of Patients with Migraine Prescribed Erenumab: A Multicenter Chart-Review Study of US Headache Centers.

Introduction: Erenumab, a first-in-class monoclonal antibody targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2018 for the prevention of migraine in adults. There is limited data available on its impact in real-world settings. The study aim was to characterize the real-world treatment profiles, clinical outcomes, and healthcare resource utilization of patients prescribed erenumab from select major US headache centers.

24-Hour urine collection for first time pediatric stone formers: Is it worth it?

Introduction/objective: 24-h urine collections are recommended for motivated first-time stone formers. Given that children have a lifetime potential for recurrences, metabolic work-up has been recommended. 24-hour urine collections can be problematic, especially in children.

A FLIM Microscopy Based on Acceptor-Detected Förster Resonance Energy Transfer.

Time-resolved donor-detected Förster resonance energy transfer (trDDFRET) allows the observation of molecular interactions of dye-labeled biomolecules in the ∼10-100 Å region. However, we can observe longer-range interactions when using time-resolved acceptor-detected FRET (trADFRET), since the signal/noise ratio can be improved when observing the acceptor emission. Therefore, we propose a new methodology based on trADFRET to construct a new fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM-trADFRET) technique to observe biological machinery in the range of 100-300 Å in vivo, the last frontier in biomolecular medicine.

Impact of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocols on Opioid Prescriptions at Discharge after Major Urological Cancer Surgery.

Introduction: Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols are designed to limit the use of opioids during inpatient stay to facilitate recovery and early discharge. It is not clear whether the enhanced recovery after surgery related limitations on opioids are associated with opioid prescribing at discharge. We wished to evaluate whether the enhanced recovery after surgery efforts had an impact on opioid prescriptions given after discharge following major urological cancer surgery.

Dual-Channel Stopped-Flow Apparatus for Simultaneous Fluorescence, Anisotropy, and FRET Kinetic Data Acquisition for Binary and Ternary Biological Complexes.

The Stopped-Flow apparatus (SF) tracks molecular events by mixing the reactants in sub-millisecond regimes. The reaction of intrinsically or extrinsically labeled biomolecules can be monitored by recording the fluorescence, (), anisotropy, (), polarization, (), or FRET, (), traces at nanomolar concentrations. These kinetic measurements are critical to elucidate reaction mechanisms, structural information, and even thermodynamics.

Strong-field control of H production from methanol dications: Selecting between local and extended formation mechanisms.

Using the CDOH isotopologue of methanol, the ratio of DH to D formation is manipulated by changing the characteristics of the intense femtosecond laser pulse. Detection of DH indicates a formation process involving two hydrogen atoms from the methyl side of the molecule and a proton from the hydroxyl side, while detection of D indicates local formation involving only the methyl group. Both mechanisms are thought to involve a neutral D moiety.

Adaptive strong-field control of vibrational population in NO.

An adaptive closed-loop system employing coincidence time-of-flight feedback is used to determine the optimal pulse shapes for manipulating the branching ratio of NO dications following double ionization by an intense laser pulse. Selection between the long-lived NO and the dissociative N + O final states requires control of the vibrational population distribution in the transient NO. The ability to both suppress and enhance NO relative to N + O is observed, with the effectiveness of shaped pulses surpassing near Fourier transform-limited pulses by about an order of magnitude in each direction, depending on the pulse energy.

Dependence on the Initial Configuration of Strong Field-Driven Isomerization of CH Cations and Anions.

We have investigated the femtosecond laser-induced fragmentation of CH ion beam targets in various initial configurations, including acetylene (linear HCCH), vinylidene (HCC), and cis/ trans. The initial configuration is shown to have a tremendous impact on the branching ratio of acetylene-like (CH + CH ) and vinylidene-like (C + CH ) dissociation of a specific CH molecular ion. In particular, whereas CH generated from CH, a linear HCCH target, exhibits comparable levels of acetylene-like and vinylidene-like fragmentation, vinylidene or cis/ trans configuration ion beams preferably undergo vinylidene-like fragmentation, with an acetylene branching ratio ranging from 13.

Detailed characterization of the solution kinetics and thermodynamics of biotin, biocytin and HABA binding to avidin and streptavidin.

The high affinity (KD ~ 10-15 M) of biotin for avidin and streptavidin is the essential component in a multitude of bioassays with many experiments using biotin modifications to invoke coupling. Equilibration times suggested for these assays assume that the association rate constant (kon) is approximately diffusion limited (109 M-1s-1) but recent single molecule and surface binding studies indicate that they are slower than expected (105 to 107 M-1s-1). In this study, we asked whether these reactions in solution are diffusion controlled, which reaction model and thermodynamic cycle describes the complex formation, and if there are any functional differences between avidin and streptavidin.

H roaming chemistry and the formation of H from organic molecules in strong laser fields.

Roaming mechanisms, involving the brief generation of a neutral atom or molecule that stays in the vicinity before reacting with the remaining atoms of the precursor, are providing valuable insights into previously unexplained chemical reactions. Here, the mechanistic details and femtosecond time-resolved dynamics of H formation from a series of alcohols with varying primary carbon chain lengths are obtained through a combination of strong-field laser excitation studies and ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. For small alcohols, four distinct pathways involving hydrogen migration and H roaming prior to H formation are uncovered.

Native Frames: Disentangling Sequential from Concerted Three-Body Fragmentation.

A key question concerning the three-body fragmentation of polyatomic molecules is the distinction of sequential and concerted mechanisms, i.e., the stepwise or simultaneous cleavage of bonds.

Mechanisms and time-resolved dynamics for trihydrogen cation (H) formation from organic molecules in strong laser fields.

Strong-field laser-matter interactions often lead to exotic chemical reactions. Trihydrogen cation formation from organic molecules is one such case that requires multiple bonds to break and form. We present evidence for the existence of two different reaction pathways for H formation from organic molecules irradiated by a strong-field laser.

The importance of Rydberg orbitals in dissociative ionization of small hydrocarbon molecules in intense laser fields.

Much of our intuition about strong-field processes is built upon studies of diatomic molecules, which typically have electronic states that are relatively well separated in energy. In polyatomic molecules, however, the electronic states are closer together, leading to more complex interactions. A combined experimental and theoretical investigation of strong-field ionization followed by hydrogen elimination in the hydrocarbon series CD, CD and CD reveals that the photofragment angular distributions can only be understood when the field-dressed orbitals rather than the field-free orbitals are considered.

Transition from SAMO to Rydberg State Ionization in C in Femtosecond Laser Fields.

The transition between two distinct ionization mechanisms in femtosecond laser fields at 785 nm is observed for C molecules. The transition occurs in the investigated intensity range from 3 to 20 TW/cm and is visualized in electron kinetic energy spectra below the one-photon energy (1.5 eV) obtained via velocity map imaging.

Cost Analysis of Ceramic Heads in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: The advent of adverse local tissue reactions seen in metal-on-metal bearings, and the recent recognition of trunnionosis, have led many surgeons to recommend ceramic-on-polyethylene articulations for primary total hip arthroplasty. However, to our knowledge, there has been little research that has considered whether the increased cost of ceramic provides enough benefit over cobalt-chromium to justify its use. The primary purpose of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of ceramic-on-polyethylene implants and metal-on-polyethylene implants in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.