Quinonoid and phenazine compounds: synthesis and evaluation against H37Rv, rifampicin and isoniazid-resistance strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Several quinonoid and phenazine compounds were synthesized in moderate to high yields and showed activity against H(37)Rv, rifampicin and isoniazid-resistance strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The cytotoxity of the compounds were evaluated against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and these substances emerge as promising antitubercular prototypes.

Evaluating indoor residual spray for reducing malaria infection prevalence in Eritrea: results from a community randomized control trial.

This paper examines the relationship between indoor residual spray (IRS) and malaria parasite infection in Gash Barka Zone, Eritrea, an area with near universal coverage of insecticide treated bednets (ITN) and already low malaria parasite prevalence. A community randomized control trial was conducted in 2009. Malaria parasite infection prevalence was 0.

Molecular and pedigree analysis applied to conservation of animal genetic resources: the case of Brazilian Somali hair sheep.

The first registers of Somali sheep in Brazil are from the beginning of the 1900s. This breed, adapted to the dry climate and scarce food supply, is restricted in the northeast region of the country. Molecular marker technologies, especially those based on genotyping microsatellite and mtDNA loci, can be used in conjunction with breeding (pedigree analysis) and consequently the maintenance of genetic variation in herds.

Hormonal induction and semen characteristics of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum.

In the hatchery-bred tambaqui Colossoma macropomum, spontaneous semen release does not occur, and hand-stripping produces reduced semen volume. The goal of this work is to evaluate the effects of hormonal induction with carp pituitary extract (CPE) on both qualitative (visual aspect, pH, motility, viability and morphological abnormalities) and quantitative (volume, concentration and number of spermatozoa per ejaculate) traits of tambaqui semen. Eleven males were treated with CPE (induced), and 11 were left untreated as a control (non-induced).

Distinct early inflammatory events during ear tissue regeneration in mice selected for high inflammation bearing Slc11a1 R and S alleles.

High inflammatory AIRmax mice homozygous for Slc11a1 R and S alleles were produced. AIRmax(SS) mice showed faster ear tissue regeneration than AIRmax(RR) mice, suggesting that the S allele favored tissue restoration. Here, we investigated the gene expression profiles and the inflammatory reactions of AIRmax(RR) and AIRmax(SS) mice during the initial phase of ear tissue regeneration.

Genetic control of IL-1 beta production and inflammatory response by the mouse Irm1 locus.

Genome-wide linkage analysis using single nucleotide polymorphism arrays was carried out in pedigrees of mice differing in the extent of acute inflammatory response (AIRmax or AIRmin). The AIR phenotype was determined by quantifying the number of infiltrating cells in the 24-h exudate induced by Biogel P-100 s.c.

Carcass and ham quality characteristics of heavy pigs from different genetic groups intended for the production of dry-cured hams.

Carcass and ham quality characteristics of pig populations divided by harvest weights--HW (130 and 160 kg) were evaluated to determine the effects of gender (barrows and gilts) and distinct genetic groups--purebred (DUDU) and crossbred Duroc (DULA, DUWI and DULL) as well as purebred Large White (WIWI) on the suitability for use in dry-cured ham production. At 130kg, DUDU pigs yielded the highest fat thickness of the ham (P<0.01) and an intramuscular fat content (IMF) of 3.

Actinic lesions in fishermen's lower lip: clinical, cytopathological and histopathologic analysis.

Introduction: Actinic cheilitis (AC) is considered to be a pre-malignant lesion or an incipient and superficial form of lip squamous cell carcinoma. It is commonly found in individuals whose occupational activities are related to chronic sun exposure and the definitive diagnosis is performed with biopsy. Although Exfoliative cytology has been used as a screening procedure to evaluate cancer of the oral cavity no studies have proposed the use of exfoliative cytologic analysis to evaluate and diagnose AC.

Evaluating Marginal Policy Changes and the Average Effect of Treatment for Individuals at the Margin.

This paper develops methods for evaluating marginal policy changes. We characterize how the effects of marginal policy changes depend on the direction of the policy change, and show that marginal policy effects are fundamentally easier to identify and to estimate than conventional treatment parameters. We develop the connection between marginal policy effects and the average effect of treatment for persons on the margin of indifference between participation in treatment and nonparticipation, and use this connection to analyze both parameters.

Age differences in the rejection of false memories: the effects of giving warning instructions and slowing the presentation rate.

Two experiments were conducted to examine whether children of different ages differ in their ability to reject associative false memories with the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. Two different types of manipulations that are thought to facilitate false memory rejection in adults-slowing the presentation rate and issuing explicit warnings-were analyzed in younger and older children. The results showed that older children were more able than younger children to reject associative false memories through warnings and by slowing the presentation rate.

Development of the neotropical catfish Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) incubated in different temperature regimes.

The developmental stages for the embryonic and larval periods of the silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) kept at different temperatures (21, 24, 27 and 30 degrees C) are described. Fish were analysed under light and scanning electron microscopy. For embryonic development, we described 25 stages, which were grouped into seven periods named zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula and hatching periods.

Assessment of water contamination caused by a mutagenic textile effluent/dyehouse effluent bearing disperse dyes.

High performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector method was developed to detect disperse dyes in water samples over the range 0.50-35 ng, with detection limits of 0.09 ng, 0.

Gene expression profiles of bone marrow cells from mice phenotype-selected for maximal or minimal acute inflammations: searching for genes in acute inflammation modifier loci.

Two mouse lines were phenotype-selected for maximum (AIRmax) or minimum (AIRmin) acute inflammation responses to polyacrylamide bead (Biogel) injection. These lines differ in terms of bone marrow granulopoiesis, neutrophil resistance to apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokine production during acute inflammation responses. We compared gene expression profiles in bone marrow cells (BMC) of AIRmax and AIRmin mice during acute inflammatory reactions.

Synthesis of novel peptide linkers: simultaneous cyclization and labeling.

Synthesis of novel peptide linkers was accomplished by monocarboxylation of 1,3,5-tris(bomomethyl)benzene with a wide variety of carboxylic acids in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. These reagents can be used to simultaneously cyclize and label peptides containing two cysteines. Many labels are compatible with this method including lipids, fluorescent groups, and biotin.

Lipoabdominoplasty.

Background: Abdominoplasty is one of the most common aesthetic operations. Wide bibliographic research has revealed that there is a safe method whereby two techniques--liposuction and abdominoplasty--can be associated in the same procedure. The authors present a new abdominoplasty technique combining a selective undermining with complete abdominal liposuction.

Distinction between plant samples according to allele dosage by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction.

The lack of informativity of samples from heterozygotic individuals is one of the hindrances in the mapping of quantitative trait loci of outbred populations, since it is not normally possible to identify the origin of each allele. One way to include these individuals in analyses would be to genotype their endosperm, considering that a heterozygote (Aa) has AAa or Aaa endosperm, when the female genitor donates the A or a allele, respectively. We used semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine allele dosages in DNA mixtures, by simulating the observed conditions for endospermic tissue.

Opposite developmental trends for false recognition of basic and superordinate names.

This study investigated the development of false memories for basic and superordinate names using the DRM procedure. Two experiments were conducted with younger (3-5 years old) and older (10-12 years old) children. In the first experiment the DRM procedure was used with categorised lists and in the second experiment both types of lists--categorised and associative--were applied.

The influence of theme identifiability on false memories: evidence for age-dependent opposite effects.

In the present study, we used the Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm to analyze the relationship between theme identifiability of word lists and false memories in adults and children. We conducted two normative studies to determine the identifiability levels for critical unpresented words in 40 associative lists in adults and in 16 associative lists in children. Then, in three experiments, false memories for critical words that were either easy or hard to identify were analyzed in adults and in children 4-5 years old and 11-12 years old.

Pattern of cleft lip and palate in Dar-es-Salaam.

Objectives: To analyse the pattern of cleft lip and palate patients managed at two hospitals in Dar-es-Salaam.

Design: A retrospective descriptive study.

Setting: Muhimbili National Hospital and Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation Tanzania Disability Hospital which are special referral centres where most of the cleft lip and palate patients in Dar-es-Salaam are managed.

Are the effects of Unreal violent video games pronounced when playing with a virtual reality system?

This study was conducted to analyze the short-term effects of violent electronic games, played with or without a virtual reality (VR) device, on the instigation of aggressive behavior. Physiological arousal (heart rate (HR)), priming of aggressive thoughts, and state hostility were also measured to test their possible mediation on the relationship between playing the violent game (VG) and aggression. The participants--148 undergraduate students--were randomly assigned to four treatment conditions: two groups played a violent computer game (Unreal Tournament), and the other two a non-violent game (Motocross Madness), half with a VR device and the remaining participants on the computer screen.

Portuguese category norms for children.

This study presents Portuguese category norms for children of three different age groups: preschoolers (3- to 4-year-olds), second graders (7- to 8-year-olds), and preadolescents (11- to 12-year-olds). Three hundred Portuguese children (100 in each group) completed an exemplar-generation task. Preschoolers generated exemplars for 13 categories, second graders generated exemplars for 17 categories, and preadolescents generated exemplars for 21 categories.

[Presence of respiratory pathogens in the oral biofilm of patients with nosocomial pneumonia].

Background And Objectives: Hospitalized patients receiving treatment at intensive care units (ICU) usually show poor oral hygiene, and may have the mouth and oropharingeal region colonized by pathogens involved in nosocomial pneumonia. The presence of these pathogens may increase the risk for respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of respiratory pathogens in the oral cavity of hospitalized patients at ICU.

Analyzing false memories in children with associative lists specific for their age.

Two experiments attempted to resolve previous contradictory findings concerning developmental trends in false memories within the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm by using an improved methodology--constructing age-appropriate associative lists. The research also extended the DRM paradigm to preschoolers. Experiment 1 (N=320) included children in three age groups (preschoolers of 3-4 years, second-graders of 7-8 years, and preadolescents of 11-12 years) and adults, and Experiment 2 (N=64) examined preschoolers and preadolescents.

Slc11a1 (Nramp1) alleles interact with acute inflammation loci to modulate wound-healing traits in mice.

Lines of mice were obtained by selective breeding for maximum (AIRmax) or minimum (AIRmin) acute inflammation. They present distinct neutrophil influx and show frequency disequilibrium of the solute carrier family 11a member 1 (Slc11a1) alleles. This gene is involved in ion transport at the endosomes within macrophages and neutrophils, interfering in their activation.

The external alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenase NDE3 is localized both in the mitochondria and in the cytoplasm of Neurospora crassa.

The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa has a branched respiratory chain. Several alternative dehydrogenases, aside from the canonical complex I enzyme, are involved in the oxidation of NAD(P)H substrates. Based on homology searches in the fungal genome, we have tentatively identified one of these proteins.