PrEP Use in a US National Sample of Trans Men and Other Transmasculine People Who Have Sex With Men: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Introduction: Efforts to improve pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among gay men, transgender women, and Black cisgender women are evident across the United States, responding to epidemiologic data showing a disproportionate HIV burden in these communities. However, transgender men and other transmasculine people who have sex with men (TMSM)-those assigned female at birth who identify otherwise and have sex with cisgender men-are often excluded from these statistics. This community has unique vulnerabilities and prevention needs.

Evaluating Exoskeletons for WMSD Prevention: A Systematic Review of Applications and Ergonomic Approach in Occupational Settings.

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of studies investigating the impact of occupational exoskeletons on work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) risk factors. The primary objective is to examine the methodologies used to assess the effectiveness of these devices across various occupational tasks. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, covering studies published between 2014 and 2024.

A 3D Computational Study on the Formation and Progression of Tumor Cells in Diffuse Gastric Cancer.

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer is characterized by an increased risk of diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer, and is caused by pathogenic germline variants of E-cadherin and -E-catenin, which are key regulators of cell-cell adhesion. However, how the loss of cell-cell adhesion promotes cell dissemination remains to be fully understood. Therefore, a three-dimensional computer model was developed to describe the initial steps of diffuse gastric cancer development.

The role of hormone dosages in the assessment of cervical lesions by FNA: A descriptive analysis of 762 cases.

Introduction: The use of Hormone Dosage (HD) in Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNA) needle washout fluid, introduced in the 1990s, initially aimed at measuring Thyroglobulin (TG). Elevated TG concentration in an extrathyroidal cervical lesion suggests metastases of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas (WDTC). Over the years, HD has evolved to incorporate Calcitonin (CT) and Parathormone (PTH), improving sensitivity and specificity in diverse clinical scenarios.

Characterizing Event-Driven PrEP Use and Investigating its Association with Experiences of PrEP-Related Barriers Among a US National Sample of PrEP Users.

After a decade of implementation in the US, PrEP uptake remains underutilized by communities that would greatly benefit from it. Event-Driven (ED) PrEP is a potential avenue to increase uptake, however very little is known about its use in the US. We analyzed data derived from Together 5000, an internet-based U.

Humidified Noninvasive Ventilation versus High-Flow Therapy to Prevent Reintubation in Obese Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The optimal strategy to prevent reintubation in obese patients remains uncertain. We aimed to determine whether noninvasive ventilation (NIV) with active humidification is superior to high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in preventing reintubation in obese patients at intermediate risk.

Methods: Randomized controlled trial in two intensive care units in Spain (June 2020‒June 2021).

Erosive Influence of Amazonian Tucupi on Microshear Bond Strength to Enamel and Dentin.

Background: The scientific literature has studies that assess the influence of erosive challenges with citric acidic drinks and substances on the adhesive bond strength to enamel and dentin, but does not contain information about the influence of regional components of an acidic diet on this process. Thus, this study evaluated the erosive influence of Amazonian tucupi on enamel and dentin microshear bond strength.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and sixty-eight healthy bovine incisors teeth were used, divided into 12 groups ( = 14).

The ApoA1-mimetic peptide 4F blocks flavivirus NS1-triggered endothelial dysfunction and protects against lethal dengue virus challenge.

Flavivirus infections result in a variety of outcomes, from clinically inapparent infections to severe, sometimes fatal cases characterized by hemorrhagic manifestations and vascular leakage leading to shock (dengue), meningomyeloencephalitis (West Nile), and congenital abnormalities (Zika). Although there are approved vaccines against several flaviviruses, potentially enhancing cross-reactive immune responses have complicated the development and implementation of vaccines against dengue and Zika viruses, and no specific therapeutics currently exist. The flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a promising antiviral target because it is a conserved multifunctional virulence factor that directly triggers vascular leak.

Investigating the genomic background of calving-related traits in Canadian Jersey cattle.

Traits related to calving have a significant impact on animal welfare and farm profitability in dairy production systems. Identifying genomic regions associated with calving traits could contribute to refining dairy cattle breeding programs and management practices in the dairy industry. Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and perform GWAS and functional enrichment analyses for stillbirth, gestation length, calf size, and calving ease traits in North American Jersey cattle.

Exploring Musculoskeletal Complaints in a Needle Manufacturing Industry: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) encompass a variety of conditions affecting muscles, joints, and nerves. In Portugal, MSDs are the most prevalent occupational health problem in companies. Based on the relevance of work-related MSD (WMSD), this study aims to assess the prevalence of MSD complaints in a needle manufacturing industry in Northern Portugal, following a cross-sectional approach.

Prognostic factors associated with disability in a cohort of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and MOG-associated disease from a nationwide Portuguese registry.

Introduction: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and MOG-associated disease (MOGAD) are an increasingly recognized group of demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system. Previous studies suggest that prognosis is predicted by older age at onset, number of relapses, the severity of the first attack and autoantibody status.

Objective: To study prognostic factors associated with disability progression and additional relapses in the 3-year follow-up of a national NMOSD/MOGAD cohort.

Akt is a mediator of artery specification during zebrafish development.

The dorsal aorta (DA) is the first major blood vessel to develop in the embryonic cardiovascular system. Its formation is governed by a coordinated process involving the migration, specification, and arrangement of angioblasts into arterial and venous lineages, a process conserved across species. Although vascular endothelial growth factor a (VEGF-A) is known to drive DA specification and formation, the kinases involved in this process remain ambiguous.

Building Capacity of Community Health Centers to Improve the Provision of Postpartum Care Services Through Data-Driven Health Information Technology and Innovation.

Maternal morbidity and mortality remain significant challenges in the United States, with substantial burden during the postpartum period. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in partnership with the National Association of Community Health Centers, began an initiative to build capacity in Federally Qualified Health Centers to (1) improve the infrastructure for perinatal care measures and (2) use perinatal care measures to identify and address gaps in postpartum care. Two partner health center-controlled networks implemented strategies to integrate evidence-based recommendations into the clinic workflow and used data-driven health information technology (HIT) systems to improve data standardization for quality improvement of postpartum care services.

Factors associated with PrEP-era HIV seroconversion in a 4-year U.S. national cohort of n = 6059 sexual and gender minority individuals who have sex with men, 2017-2022.

Introduction: Community-based cohort studies of HIV seroconversion can identify important avenues for enhancing HIV prevention efforts in the era of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Within individuals, one can assess exposure and outcome variables repeatedly and with increased certainty regarding temporal ordering. This cohort study examined the association of several risk factors with subsequent HIV seroconversion.

Contrasting Phenotypes of Neutrophils During Asymptomatic Versus Symptomatic Leishmania braziliensis Infection.

Background: The mechanisms that mediate immune protection in individuals with subclinical (SC) or asymptomatic infection with Leishmania braziliensis are largely unknown. Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]) have been implicated in progressive symptomatic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), but their potential participation in maintenance of subclinical infection is unexplored. The aim of this study was to compare the phenotypic and functional profiles of PMNs in individuals with SC infection versus patients with symptomatic CL due to L braziliensis.

Amphetamine and methylphenidate potential on the recovery from stroke and traumatic brain injury: a review.

The prevalence of stroke and traumatic brain injury is increasing worldwide. However, current treatments do not fully cure or stop their progression, acting mostly on symptoms. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are stimulants already approved for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy treatment, with neuroprotective potential and benefits when used in appropriate doses.

Biological Response Following the Systemic Injection of PEG-PAMAM-Rhodamine Conjugates in Zebrafish.

Numerous therapeutic and diagnostic approaches used within a clinical setting depend on the administration of compounds via systemic delivery. Biomaterials at the nanometer scale, as dendrimers, act as delivery systems by improving cargo bioavailability, circulation time, and the targeting of specific tissues. Although evaluating the efficacy of pharmacological agents based on nanobiomaterials is crucial, conducting toxicological assessments of biomaterials is essential for advancing clinical translation.

CDH1 Genotype Exploration in Women With Hereditary Lobular Breast Cancer Phenotype.

Importance: Pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline CDH1 variants are associated with risk for diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer (LBC) in the so-called hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) syndrome. However, in some circumstances, LBC can be the first manifestation of this syndrome in the absence of diffuse gastric cancer manifestation.

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of germline CDH1 variants in women with the hereditary LBC (HLBC) phenotype, somatic CDH1 gene inactivation in germline CDH1 variant carriers' tumor samples, and the association of genetic profiles with clinical-pathological data and survival.

Protective effects of amphetamine and methylphenidate against dopaminergic neurotoxicants in SH-SY5Y cells.

Full treatment of the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD), is still considered an unmet need. As the psychostimulants, amphetamine (AMPH) and methylphenidate (MPH), were shown to be neuroprotective against stroke and other neuronal injury diseases, this study aimed to evaluate their neuroprotective potential against two dopaminergic neurotoxicants, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and paraquat (PQ), in differentiated human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. Neither cytotoxicity nor mitochondrial membrane potential changes were seen following a 24-hour exposure to either therapeutic concentration of AMPH or MPH (0.

Anti-titin antibodies in a cohort of myasthenia gravis patients.

Background: Anti-titin antibodies have been previously associated with thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis (MG) and a more clinically severe form of MG. While currently only serving as a disease biomarker, its possible utility as an indicator of underlying thymus malignancy may be of value in clinical practice.

Methods: Data was retrospectively collected and analyzed from 2013 to 2022 using an institutional record of MG patients.