NOX2-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Control Inflammation during Infection by Mediating Infection-Induced Neutrophil Apoptosis.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH phagocyte oxidase isoform (NOX2) are critical for the elimination of intracellular pathogens in many infections. Despite their importance, the role of ROS following infection with the eukaryotic pathogen has not been fully elucidated. We addressed the role of ROS in C57BL/6 mice following intradermal infection with Despite equivalent parasite loads compared with wild-type (WT) mice, mice deficient in ROS production by NOX2 due to the absence of the gp91 subunit (gp91) had significantly more severe pathology in the later stages of infection.

Characterizing reduced coverage regions through comparison of exome and genome sequencing data across 10 centers.

Purpose: As massively parallel sequencing is increasingly being used for clinical decision making, it has become critical to understand parameters that affect sequencing quality and to establish methods for measuring and reporting clinical sequencing standards. In this report, we propose a definition for reduced coverage regions and describe a set of standards for variant calling in clinical sequencing applications.

Methods: To enable sequencing centers to assess the regions of poor sequencing quality in their own data, we optimized and used a tool (ExCID) to identify reduced coverage loci within genes or regions of particular interest.

NMR in structure-based drug design.

NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique that can provide valuable structural information for drug discovery endeavors. Here, we discuss the strengths (and limitations) of NMR applications to structure-based drug discovery, highlighting the different levels of resolution and throughput obtainable. Additionally, the emerging field of paramagnetic NMR in drug discovery and recent developments in approaches to speed up and automate protein-observed NMR data collection and analysis are discussed.

Galling Insects of the Brazilian Páramos: Species Richness and Composition Along High-Altitude Grasslands.

In this work, we investigated the factors that determine the distribution of galling insects in high-altitude grasslands, locally called 'campos de altitude' of Mantiqueira Range and tested whether 1) richness of galling insects decreases with altitude, 2) galling insect richness increases with plant richness, 3) variation in galling insect diversity is predominantly a consequence of its β component, and 4) turnover is the main mechanism driving the beta diversity of both galling insects and plants. Galling insect richness did not exhibit a negative relationship with altitude, but it did increase with plant richness. The additive partition of regional richness (γ) into its local and beta components showed that local diversity (α) of galling insects and plants was relatively low in relation to regional diversity; the β component incorporated most of the regional diversity.

A panel of markers for identification of malignant and non-malignant cells in culture from effusions.

The aim of the present study was to identify cell types in primary culture from malignant and non-malignant effusions. Effusion samples were subjected to cytology and culture. Immunocytochemistry was performed in cytological slides to evaluate malignancy (positivity for malignancy markers) and in culture slides for identification of cell types in growth.

Generation and characterization of a human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell line derived from an acute myeloid leukemia patient evolving from primary myelofibrosis carrying the CALR 52bp deletion and the ASXL1 p.R693X mutation.

Peripheral blood sample was donated by a 61years old female patient diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia secondary to a primary myelofibrosis harboring the 52-bp deletion in the CALR gene (c.1092_1143del, p.L367fs*46) and the R693X mutation in the ASXL1 gene (c.

Safety of hormonal contraception for obese women.

Obese women have special safety requirements for contraceptive choice, but the evidence supporting such decision is dispersed and sometimes conflicting. Despite being effective, well tolerated and safe for most women, hormonal contraceptives are underused by obese women due to fear of contraceptive failure, weight gain and venous thrombosis. Areas covered: We performed a comprehensive literature search to identify studies about hormonal contraception in overweight and obese women, including safety concerns.

Spatial and temporal trends of visceral leishmaniasis by mesoregion in a southeastern state of Brazil, 2002-2013.

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is expanding in Brazil and in other South American countries, a process that has been associated with the urbanization of the disease. This study analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of VL in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais and identifies the areas with higher risks of transmission.

Methodology: An ecological study with spatial and time series analyzes of new confirmed cases of VL notified to the Brazilian Notifiable Disease Information System between 2002 and 2013, considering the 12 mesoregions of Minas Gerais.

Direct Measurement of Nuclear Dependence of Charged Current Quasielasticlike Neutrino Interactions Using MINERvA.

Charged-current ν_{μ} interactions on carbon, iron, and lead with a final state hadronic system of one or more protons with zero mesons are used to investigate the influence of the nuclear environment on quasielasticlike interactions. The transferred four-momentum squared to the target nucleus, Q^{2}, is reconstructed based on the kinematics of the leading proton, and differential cross sections versus Q^{2} and the cross-section ratios of iron, lead, and carbon to scintillator are measured for the first time in a single experiment. The measurements show a dependence on the atomic number.

Higher Protein Intake Does Not Improve Lean Mass Gain When Compared with RDA Recommendation in Postmenopausal Women Following Resistance Exercise Protocol: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a higher protein intake on lean body mass (LBM) gain in postmenopausal women practicing resistance exercise and compare it to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) recommendation. Twenty-three postmenopausal women (63.2 ± 7.

Evaluation of distribution, redox parameters, and genotoxicity in Wistar rats co-exposed to silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

The increasing production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiONPs) has resulted in their elevated concentrations in the environment. This study was, therefore, aimed at determining the distribution, redox parameters, and genotoxic effects in male Wistar rats that were treated with either AgNP or TiONP individually, as well as under a co-exposure scenario. Animals were exposed via oral gavage to either sodium citrate buffer (vehicle), 0.

F-Fluorocholine Uptake and Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Rat Peritoneal Endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a debilitating disease that still needs surgery to be confirmed. Endometriosis is associated with increased plasma levels of phosphatidylcholines. F-fluorocholine ([F]FCH) is a radiopharmaceutical that is metabolized to phosphatidylcholine inside the cells and can be traced by positron emission tomography (PET).

H, C and N resonance assignment of human guanylate kinase.

Human guanylate kinase (hGMPK) is a critical enzyme that, in addition to phosphorylating its physiological substrate (d)GMP, catalyzes the second phosphorylation step in the conversion of anti-viral and anti-cancer nucleoside analogs to their corresponding active nucleoside analog triphosphates. Until now, a high-resolution structure of hGMPK is unavailable and thus, we studied free hGMPK by NMR and assigned the chemical shift resonances of backbone and side chain H, C, and N nuclei as a first step towards the enzyme's structural and mechanistic analysis with atomic resolution.

Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi make up an important ecological niche in ecosystems, and knowledge of their diversity in extreme environments is still incipient. The objective of this work was to evaluate the density and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands archipelago, Antarctica. For that, soil and roots of Deschampsia antarctica were collected at the brazilian research station in Antarctica.

Prevalence, risk factors and hepatitis B immunization: helping fill the gap on hepatitis B epidemiology among homeless people, Goiânia, Central Brazil.

Data are limited in Brazil on hepatitis B infection among homeless individuals, a marginalized population with high risk of sexually transmissible infections (STI), including hepatitis B. The aim of this study was to investigate hepatitis B epidemiology in homeless persons lodged in a public shelter in Goiânia, Central Brazil. From August 2014 to June 2015, 353 individuals were interviewed and tested for markers of HBV infection.

Organizational Data Classification Based on the Importance Concept of Complex Networks.

Data classification is a common task, which can be performed by both computers and human beings. However, a fundamental difference between them can be observed: computer-based classification considers only physical features (e.g.

MOG antibody-related disorders: common features and uncommon presentations.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-Ab) have been reported in acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM), optic neuritis (ON), and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) in adults and pediatrics. We aimed to delineate the common features of MOG-Ab-related disorders in children and adults, and report uncommon presentations. Twenty-seven consecutive pediatric and adult patients testing positive for MOG-Ab, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months, were included.

Measurement of Neutral-Current K^{+} Production by Neutrinos using MINERvA.

Neutral-current production of K^{+} by atmospheric neutrinos is a background in searches for the proton decay p→K^{+}ν[over ¯]. Reactions such as νp→νK^{+}Λ are indistinguishable from proton decays when the decay products of the Λ are below detection threshold. Events with K^{+} are identified in MINERvA by reconstructing the timing signature of a K^{+} decay at rest.

Unleashing the Potential of Public Genomic Resources to Find Parasite Genetic Data.

Genetic data generated by high-throughput sequencing and deposited in public databases are increasing exponentially. A substantial amount of these data is generated from wild animals, and can contain information from nontarget organisms, such as parasites. Methodologies that leverage this available information are warranted and can help to answer questions of general interest in parasitology.

Automatic Assignment of Methyl-NMR Spectra of Supramolecular Machines Using Graph Theory.

Methyl groups are powerful probes for the analysis of structure, dynamics and function of supramolecular assemblies, using both solution- and solid-state NMR. Widespread application of the methodology has been limited due to the challenges associated with assigning spectral resonances to specific locations within a biomolecule. Here, we present Methyl Assignment by Graph Matching (MAGMA), for the automatic assignment of methyl resonances.

Modulation of hepatic glutathione transferases isoenzymes in three bivalve species exposed to purified microcystin-LR and Microcystis extracts.

This study compares the role of hepatic cytosolic glutathione transferases (cGST) isoforms of three different bivalve species to a Microcystis aeruginosa extract and purified MC-LR exposure (both at 150 μg MC-LR L) for 24 h. Characterization and alterations of the cytosolic GST activities in Mytilus galloprovincialis, Ruditapes philippinarum and Corbicula fluminea were measured using four class-specific substrates and changes in individual GST isoforms expression were achieved by a subsequent two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis. Evaluation of cGST activity basal levels using the four class-specific substrates denoted quantitative differences between the three bivalves.

Loss to follow-up in a cohort of HIV-negative men who have sex with men: Project Horizonte.

Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate the attrition rates and evaluate factors associated with loss to follow-up between 1994 and 2011 in an open cohort of HIV-negative men who have sex with men.

Methods: The Project Horizonte is an open cohort study that aimed to assess the incidence of HIV infection, evaluate the impact of educational interventions, and identify potential volunteers for HIV vaccine trials. The rates of losses to follow-up were estimated for three periods (1994-1999, 2000-2005, and 2006-2011).