Relationship Between Vitamin D Insufficiency and Anemia in Older Adults: An Approach Considering Clinical Aspects and Food Insecurity.

Background/objectives: Studies have shown a high prevalence of anemia and vitamin D insufficiency in older adults, and the literature suggests a relationship between these two conditions, as vitamin D insufficiency may impair erythrocyte synthesis. Food insecurity refers to the lack of regular access to sufficient and nutritious food, which can directly affect health by worsening conditions such as anemia and vitamin D insufficiency. This study evaluated the association between vitamin D insufficiency and anemia in older adults.

Periovulatory anticoagulant therapy enhances embryo recovery rates in superovulated mares.

Although protocols for superovulation have been described in horses, this technique has been discouraged due to the low embryo recovery rates in superovulated mares. The reason for these poor results is poorly understood, but the formation of a blood clot in the ovulation fossa following ovulations has been hypothesized. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the safety and effect of periovulatory anticoagulant therapy on embryo recovery of superovulated mares.

Acceptance and commitment therapy versus cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)-based protocol and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for insomnia in adults.

Method: The participants comprised 227 adults with insomnia. They were randomized to six weekly group sessions consisting of acceptance and commitment therapy for insomnia (n = 76), cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (n = 76), or waitlist (WL; n = 75).

Effects of glyphosate exposure on intestinal microbiota, metabolism and microstructure: a systematic review.

Glyphosate is the most commercialized herbicide in Brazil and worldwide, and this has become a worrying scenario in recent years. In 2015 glyphosate was classified as potentially carcinogenic by the World Health Organization, which opened avenues for numerous debates about its safe use regarding non-target species' health, including humans. This review aimed to observe the impacts of glyphosate and its formulations on the gut microbiota, as well as on the gut microstructure and animal metabolism.

The impact of biomolecule interactions on the cytotoxic effects of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes.

Rhenium complexes show great promise as anticancer drug candidates. Specifically, compounds with a Re(CO)(NN)(py) core in their architecture have shown cytotoxicity equal to or greater than that of well-established anticancer drugs based on platinum or organic molecules. This study aimed to evaluate how the strength of the interaction between rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes fac-[Re(CO)(NN)(py)], NN = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), dipyrido[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline (dpq) or dipyrido[3,2-a:2'3'-c]phenazine (dppz) and biomolecules (protein, lipid and DNA) impacted the corresponding cytotoxic effect in cells.

Adenosine A Receptor Blockade Provides More Effective Benefits at the Onset Rather than after Overt Neurodegeneration in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Adenosine A receptor (AR) antagonists are the leading nondopaminergic therapy to manage Parkinson's disease (PD) since they afford both motor benefits and neuroprotection. PD begins with a synaptic dysfunction and damage in the striatum evolving to an overt neuronal damage of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. We tested if AR antagonists are equally effective in controlling these two degenerative processes.

Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in childhood diarrhea.

Acute diarrhea is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality attributed to infections in children under five years of age worldwide, with 1.7 million annual estimated cases and more than 500,000 deaths. Although hydroelectrolytic replacement is the gold standard in treating diarrhea, it does not interfere with the restoration of the intestinal microbiota.

Post-cooling semen processing and sperm re-suspension as an alternative method to circumvent poor semen cooling in stallions.

Background: Artificial insemination with cooled-shipped semen is the primary method used in the equine breeding industry; yet, sperm quality and fertility can be suboptimal for some stallions when standard techniques are used. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop alternative approaches for these stallions.

Objective: To assess sperm quality parameters and fertility of cooled-stored stallion semen processed by SpermFilter® or centrifugation and resuspended in three extenders.

Migraine treatment: quo vadis? Real-world data study (2015-2022) in Spain.

Background: Migraine is a leading cause of disability, estimated to affect one-in-ten people in Spain. This study aimed to describe the management of migraine in Spain and identify improvement areas.

Methods: Non-interventional, retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study conducted using an electronic medical records database covering visits to public healthcare providers for 3% of the Spanish population.

Characterization of spp. Infection in a Population of Critical Care Patients.

are flagellated protozoa that have been increasingly associated with upper and lower airway infection in humans. The prevalence and characterization of this disease in the critically ill remains poorly understood. We present a series of eleven ICU patients with confirmed spp.

Uncovering the burden of Influenza in children in Portugal, 2008-2018.

Background: Despite their higher risk of developing severe disease, little is known about the burden of influenza in Portugal in children aged < 5 years old. This study aims to cover this gap by estimating the clinical and economic burden of severe influenza in children, in Portugal, during ten consecutive influenza seasons (2008/09-2017/18).

Methods: We reviewed hospitalizations in children aged < 5 years old using anonymized administrative data covering all public hospitals discharges in mainland Portugal.

Phenolic-rich extracts from toasted white and tannin sorghum flours have distinct profiles influencing their antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-adhesive, anti-invasive, and antimalarial activities.

Sorghum is a gluten-free cereal commonly used in foods, and its consumption has been associated with the prevention of human chronic conditions such as obesity and cancer, due to the presence of dietary fiber and phenolic compounds. This study aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-adhesion, anti-invasion, and antimalarial activities of phenolic extracts from toasted white and tannin sorghum flours to understand how different phenolic profiles contribute to sorghum biological activities. Water and 70 % ethanol/water (v/v), eco-friendly solvents, were used to obtain the phenolic extracts of toasted sorghum flours, and their phenolic profile was analyzed by UPLC-MS.

Mass spectrometry as a tool for the dereplication of specialised metabolites from DC.

genus comprises 26 species, half of them have been phytochemical investigations regarding the chemical composition, and coumarins have been considered the chemotaxonomic markers in the genus. Herein DC (Asteraceae), a native plant from Brazil, is investigated for the first time. Twenty-six compounds were isolated from aerial parts of DC.

Oncogenic context shapes the fitness landscape of tumor suppression.

Tumors acquire alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in an adaptive walk through the fitness landscape of tumorigenesis. However, the interactions between oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that shape this landscape remain poorly resolved and cannot be revealed by human cancer genomics alone. Here, we use a multiplexed, autochthonous mouse platform to model and quantify the initiation and growth of more than one hundred genotypes of lung tumors across four oncogenic contexts: KRAS G12D, KRAS G12C, BRAF V600E, and EGFR L858R.

The Effects of Gluconacin on Bacterial Tomato Pathogens and Protection against , the Causal Agent of Bacterial Spot Disease.

As agricultural practices become more sustainable, adopting more sustainable practices will become even more relevant. Searching for alternatives to chemical compounds has been the focus of numerous studies, and bacteriocins are tools with intrinsic biotechnological potential for controlling plant diseases. We continued to explore the biotechnological activity of the bacteriocin Gluconacin from , PAL5 strain, by investigating this protein's antagonism against important tomato phytopathogens and demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing bacterial spots caused by .

Effect of fish oil supplementation on the concentration of miRNA-122, FGF-21 and liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: Study protocol for a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background & Aims: To date, no specific drugs are available for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), though the effect of fish oil supplementation on improving fibrosis in patients with NAFLD has been evaluated. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may modulate the concentration of microRNAs (miRNAs) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21, which have been identified as non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis. The present study aims to evaluate whether n-3 PUFA supplementation can modulate miRNA-122 and FGF-21 and improve liver fibrosis and steatosis, measured by transient hepatic elastography (THE), in individuals with NAFLD.

Optimization of the Green Chemistry-like Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Grape ( L.) and Blackberry ( L.) Seeds with Concomitant Biological and Antioxidant Activity Assessments.

The objective of this work was to determine the phenolic composition, chemical and cellular antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity in human cells, and peroxidative inhibition of the defatted fraction of grape () and blackberry () seeds. Soxhlet extraction (Sox) was used to extract the fat and obtain the degreased material. A statistical optimization study was developed to maximize the extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity from defatted grape and blackberry seeds.

Clinical and economic hospital burden of acute respiratory infection (BARI) due to respiratory syncytial virus in Spanish children, 2015-2018.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children, causing frequent outpatient visits and hospitalizations. Our study aimed to describe the clinical and direct economic burden of ALRI hospitalizations related to RSV in children in Spain and the characteristics of patients and their episodes. In this retrospective study, ALRI hospitalizations in children aged < 5 years for 2015-2018 were reviewed using anonymized administrative public hospital discharge data from Spain.

Self-Standing, Ultrasonic Spray-Deposited Membranes for Fuel Cells.

The polymer electrolyte membrane and its contact with electrodes has a significant effect on the performance of fuel and electrolysis cells but the choice of commercially available membranes is limited. In this study, membranes for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) were made by ultrasonic spray deposition from commercial Nafion solution; the effect of the drying temperature and presence of high boiling solvents on the membrane properties was then analyzed. When choosing suitable conditions, membranes with similar conductivity, water uptake, and higher crystallinity than comparable commercial membranes can be obtained.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in hospital workers in the southern region of Minas Gerais state in Brazil: An analysis of the pre-vaccine period.

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection seroprevalence can be performed by detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The survey is essential to understand the disease transmission's dynamic in the studied population. This study aimed to carry out a seroepidemiological survey of SARS-CoV-2 in three hospitals located in the south of Minas Gerais state, Brazil.