Tracing lineage by phenotypic and genotypic markers in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- and Salmonella Typhimurium isolated in state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Fifty-three Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- and 45 Salmonella Typhimurium strains were characterised using phage typing, plasmid profiles and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for comparison. The majority of the strains were subdivided into definitive type (DT) 41 (22.6%) and DT 193 (18%) and the 60-MDa plasmid was detected in 94.

Phenotypical and genotypical characterization of Bordetella pertussis strains isolated in São Paulo, Brazil, 1988-2002.

Whooping cough or pertussis was a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in the world until the introduction of a whole-cell vaccine in the 1940's. However, since the early 1980's whooping cough cases have increased in many countries, becoming an important problem of public health. This increase may be due to accuracy of laboratory diagnosis and reporting of the disease, a decline in immunity over time, demographic changes, and adaptation of the bacterial population to vaccine-induced immunity.

Phenotypic characterization of Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated from invasive disease in Brazil from 1990 to 2001.

Phenotype characterization of 11 181 invasive Neisseria meningitidis isolates collected in Brazil from 1990 to 2001 was performed. Based on laboratory data, there were 7436 (67 %) serogroup B isolates, 3391 (30 %) C, 236 W135, 51 Y, four 29E, three X, one Z, and 59 of unknown serogroup. Phenotype B : 4,7 : P1.