Correlation between DWI-ASPECTS Score, Ischemic Stroke Volume on DWI, Clinical Severity and Short-Term Prognosis: A Single-Center Study.

Ischemic stroke is a significant public health concern, with its incidence expected to double over the next 40 years, particularly among individuals over 75 years old. Previous studies, such as the DAWN trial, have highlighted the importance of correlating clinical severity with ischemic stroke volume to optimize patient management. Our study aimed to correlate the clinical severity of ischemic stroke, as assessed by the NIHSS score, with ischemic stroke volume measured using DWI, and short-term prognosis quantified by the mRS score at discharge.

Rhoa/ROCK, mTOR and Secretome-Based Treatments for Ischemic Stroke: New Perspectives.

Ischemic stroke triggers a complex cascade of cellular and molecular events leading to neuronal damage and tissue injury. This review explores the potential therapeutic avenues targeting cellular signaling pathways implicated in stroke pathophysiology. Specifically, it focuses on the articles that highlight the roles of RhoA/ROCK and mTOR signaling pathways in ischemic brain injury and their therapeutic implications.

Predictive Value of Pulmonary Involvement in Stroke Patients Co-Infected with COVID-19.

In response to the intricate clinical challenges posed by the intersection of COVID-19 and acute ischemic stroke, the Neuropsychiatry Hospital of Craiova, Romania, initiated a comprehensive study. This research aims to unravel the impacts of pulmonary complications on ischemic stroke outcomes, comparing patients with concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection to those without. The study integrates pulmonary assessments, acknowledging the significant role respiratory involvement plays in the progression and prognosis of stroke patients during the pandemic.

The impact of stress on the behavior of C57BL/6 mice with liver injury: a comparative study.

Introduction: Depressive-like behavior has been shown to be associated with liver damage. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of three different models of depression on the behavior of mice with liver injury.

Methods: During the 4 weeks of methionine/choline deficiency diet (MCD), adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: MCD (no stress protocol,  = 6), chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS,  = 9), acute and repeated forced swim stress [aFSS ( = 9) and rFSS ( = 9)].

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Concurrent COVID-19 Infection.

Stroke remains a debilitating cerebrovascular condition associated with oxidative stress, while COVID-19 has emerged as a global health crisis with multifaceted systemic implications. This study investigates the hypothesis that patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke alongside COVID-19 exhibit elevated oxidative stress markers and altered antioxidant defense mechanisms compared to those with acute ischemic stroke. We conducted a single-center prospective cross-sectional study to investigate oxidative stress balance through oxidative damage markers: TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level) and PCARB (protein carbonyls); antioxidant defense mechanisms: TAC (total antioxidant capacity), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), GSH (reduced glutathione), CAT (catalase), and SOD (superoxide dismutase); as well as inflammatory response markers: NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio), CRP (C-reactive protein), and ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate).

Diagnosis and treatment of Watershed strokes: a narrative review.

Watershed strokes have been described previously as ischemic strokes located in vulnerable border zones between brain tissue supplied by the anterior, posterior, and middle cerebral arteries in the distal junction between two non-anastomotic arterial territories. Ischemic strokes in border zones are well-recognized entities and well-described in terms of imaging features, but the pathophysiological mechanism of brain injury production is not fully defined. Border zone ischemia is caused by cerebral hypoperfusion through decreased cerebral blood flow and arterial embolism in unstable atheroma plaque.

miR-499a rs3746444 A>G Polymorphism Is Correlated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Polyneuropathy in a Romanian Cohort: A Preliminary Study.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder that results from complex interactions of both environmental and genetic factors. Many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including noncoding RNA genes, have been investigated for their association with susceptibility to T2DM and its complications, with little evidence available regarding Caucasians. The aim of the present study was to establish whether four miRNA SNPs (miR-27a rs895819 T>C, miR-146a rs2910164 G>C, miR-196a2 rs11614913 C>T, and miR-499a rs3746444 A>G) are correlated with susceptibility to T2DM and/or diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in a Romanian population.

The Gut-Brain Axis as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis.

The CNS is very susceptible to oxidative stress; the gut microbiota plays an important role as a trigger of oxidative damage that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. In the current review, we discuss recent findings on oxidative-stress-related inflammation mediated by the gut-brain axis in multiple sclerosis (MS). Growing evidence suggests targeting gut microbiota can be a promising strategy for MS management.

Nanodrugs for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review.

Ischemic stroke, a significant neurovascular disorder, currently lacks effective restorative medication. However, recently developed nanomedicines bring renewed promise for alleviating ischemia's effects and facilitating the healing of neurological and physical functions. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of nanotherapies in animal models of stroke and their potential impact on future stroke therapies.

From Molecule to Patient Rehabilitation: The Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Magnetic Stimulation on Stroke-A Narrative Review.

Stroke is a major health problem worldwide, with numerous health, social, and economic implications for survivors and their families. One simple answer to this problem would be to ensure the best rehabilitation with full social reintegration. As such, a plethora of rehabilitation programs was developed and used by healthcare professionals.

A Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Behavior Testing in Mice Models of Ischemic Stroke.

Stroke remains one of the most important causes of death and disability. Preclinical research is a powerful tool for understanding the molecular and cellular response to stroke. However, a lack of standardization in animal evaluation does not always ensure reproducible results.

Metabolic Alterations in Acute Cerebral Ischemia.

Cerebral ischemia is a major health problem worldwide, that affects millions of people, leaving a major percentage of them with major disabilities, therefore becoming one of the most resource consuming pathology. Beside the blockage of blood supply of the brain that leads to loss of cellular function and neuronal necrosis, metabolic processes are modified in the whole body through mechanisms that are not fully explained yet. The results in the analysis of the 2 groups, one with 70 patients with stroke and another with 68 patients with no cerebral infarction, revealed that brain ischemia is more often found in patients with atrial fibrillation and higher blood pressure values.

Optic neuropathies post-Covid 19 - review.

The Corona virus infection started at the end of 2019 in Wuhan - China and spread rapidly throughout the world, generating the Covid 19 pandemic. The manifestations of the Covid disease were extremely varied, from a simple flu, with fever, cough, weakness, headache, joint pain, up to severe pneumonia, with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-Cov2) and even death. The symptomatology of the disease, the evolution and the complications that appeared varied, depending on the associated pathology - diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), the age and the immune status of the patient.

Cerebrolysin Use in Patients with Liver Damage-A Translational Study.

The treatment of acute life-threatening events in patients suffering from chronic pathologies is problematic, as physicians need to consider multisystemic drug effects. Regarding Cerebrolysin, a Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway amplifier and one of the few approved neurotrophic treatments for stroke patients, concerns of excessive Hedgehog pathway activation that could accelerate NAFLD progression to cirrhosis seem valid. We investigated stroke patients treated with Cerebrolysin that presented elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT).

Homocysteine as a Predictor Tool in Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive and irreversible disease which affects the central nervous system (CNS) with still unknown etiology. Our study aimes to establish the homocysteine pattern that can predict the MS diseases progression and to identify a potential disease progression marker that can be easy to perform and non-invasive, in order to predict the diseases outcome. In order to achieve this goal, we included 10 adult RRMS subjects, 10 adult SPMS subjects and 10 age-matched healthy subjects.

Oxidative Stress and Vitamin D as Predictors in Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial demyelinating diseases that affect mostly the young and active people. Here, is crucial to identify new strategies in order to slow down the diseases progression and maintain a good functional outcome. Our hypothesis was that the interconnection between anti-oxidant molecules and anti-inflammatory or neuroprotective molecules can act as predictors of diseases progression.

Personal Autonomy as Quality of Life Predictor for Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, severe disease, characterized by a progressive alteration in neuronal transmission, which decreases personal independence and quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between QoL and personal autonomy in patients with MS, as well as its correlation with age, educational level, and diseases severity. Twenty-six MS patients were followed-up for six months.

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Interdependence in Multiple Sclerosis.

The study aims to explore the oxidative status related to inflammation in peripheral blood of stable relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with low disability. In this study, 31 people were included and divided into two groups: an MS group in which 16 relapsing-remitting MS patients with a low disability level (age 38.9 ± 7.

Cerebrolysin and Aquaporin 4 Inhibition Improve Pathological and Motor Recovery after Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Edema represents one of the earliest negative markers of survival and consecutive neurological deficit following stroke. The mixture of cellular and vasogenic edema makes treating this condition complicated, and to date, there is no pathogenically oriented drug treatment for edema, which leaves parenteral administration of a hypertonic solution as the only non-surgical alternative.

Objective: New insights into water metabolism in the brain have opened the way for molecular targeted treatment, with aquaporin 4 channels (AQP4) taking center stage.

Microglial voltage-gated sodium channels modulate cellular response in Alzheimer's disease--a new perspective on an old problem.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) determines gradual loss of cognition and memory function, eventually leading to clinical manifest dementia. The pathogenic mechanisms of AD remain elusive and treatment options unsatisfactory, targeting only symptoms like memory loss, behavior changes, sleep disorders and seizures. These therapies are not stopping the disease's progression, at their best they can only delay it.

Optical coherence tomography investigation of ischemic stroke inside a rodent model.

Although already in use in several medical domains, only recently optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been applied in the study of ischemic events. In this paper, we will focus on characterizing ischemic stroke, in a rat model, by OCT. Investigations were carried on a set of 25 rats, on which ischemic stroke was inflicted by a transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (tMCAO).

Optical coherence tomography as a promising imaging tool for brain investigations.

This paper will review the newest results and directions for the usage of optical coherence tomography as an imaging tool for brain studies, focusing mostly on a rodent model. Together with state of the art in the field, based on some of the most recent work, this paper will include a brief look on some results obtained by our group. Brain injuries and stroke data obtained by optical coherence tomography analyzing will be presented as a possibility of detection and evaluation for affected tissue, using this imaging system.

Perfusion deficits, inflammation and aging precipitate depressive behaviour.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric illness that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in the treatment of major depression, one-third of depressed patients fail to respond to conventional antidepressant medication. One pathophysiologic mechanism hypothesized to contribute to treatment resistance in depression is inflammation.

A rare case of ocular myositis.

We report the case of a 43 year old man who presented recurrent left abducens palsy. His medical history included arterial hypertension, ischemic cardiomiopathy, dyslipidemia, rhinitis, maxillary sinusitis. Physical examination revealed a overweight patient, horizontal gaze diplopia, left nerve VI paresis, mild left retro-orbital pain.