Functional correlates of cognitive abilities vary with age in pediatric multiple sclerosis.

Background: Pediatric multiple sclerosis (PedMS) can hamper brain maturation. Aim of this study was to assess the neuropsychological profile of PedMS patients and their resting-state functional connectivity (RS FC).

Methods: We assessed intelligence quotient (IQ), executive speed, and language in 76 PedMS patients.

Cognitive phenotypes in multiple sclerosis: mapping the spectrum of impairment.

Background: Available criteria for cognitive phenotypes in multiple sclerosis (MS) do not consider the severity of impairment.

Objectives: To identify cognitive phenotypes with varying degrees of impairment in MS patients and describe their demographic, clinical and MRI characteristics.

Methods: Two hundred and forty-three MS patients and 158 healthy controls underwent neuropsychological tests to assess memory, attention, and executive function.

Functional and structural brain MRI changes associated with cognitive worsening in multiple sclerosis: a 3-year longitudinal study.

Background: Heterogeneous processes may contribute to cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective: To apply a longitudinal multiparametric MRI approach to identify mechanisms associated with cognitive worsening in MS patients.

Methods: 3 T brain functional and structural MRI scans were acquired at baseline and after a median follow-up of 3.

Regional white matter and gray matter damage and cognitive performances in multiple sclerosis according to sex.

In this study, we investigated whether regional distribution of white matter (WM) lesions, normal-appearing [NA] WM microstructural abnormalities and gray matter (GM) atrophy may differently contribute to cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients according to sex. Using the same scanner, brain 3.0T MRI was acquired for 287 MS patients (females = 173; mean age = 42.

Correspondence among gray matter atrophy and atlas-based neurotransmitter maps is clinically relevant in multiple sclerosis.

In multiple sclerosis (MS), gray matter (GM) atrophy progresses in a non-random manner, possibly in regions with a high distribution of specific neurotransmitters involved in several relevant central nervous system functions. We investigated the associations among regional GM atrophy, atlas-based neurotransmitter distributions and clinical manifestations in a large MS patients' group. Brain 3 T MRI scans, neurological examinations and neuropsychological evaluations were obtained from 286 MS patients and 172 healthy controls (HC).

Current perspectives on the diagnosis and management of fatigue in multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with a prevalence up to 81% and with a considerable impact on quality of life. However, its subjective nature makes it difficult to define and quantify in clinical practice. Research aimed at a more precise definition and knowledge of this construct is thus continuously growing.

A Deep Learning Approach to Predicting Disease Progression in Multiple Sclerosis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objectives: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool for diagnosis and monitoring of disease course in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, its prognostic value for predicting disease worsening is still being debated. The aim of this study was to propose a deep learning algorithm to predict disease worsening at 2 years of follow-up on a multicenter cohort of MS patients collected from the Italian Neuroimaging Network Initiative using baseline MRI, and compare it with 2 expert physicians.

Unraveling the substrates of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: A multiparametric structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background: Cognitive impairment frequently affects multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, its neuroanatomical correlates still need to be fully explored. We investigated the contribution of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in explaining cognitive impairment in MS.

Effect of cognitive reserve on structural and functional MRI measures in healthy subjects: a multiparametric assessment.

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) contributes to inter-individual variability of cognitive performance and to preserve cognitive functioning facing aging and brain damage. However, brain anatomical and functional substrates of CR still need to be fully explored in young healthy subjects (HS). By evaluating a relatively large cohort of young HS, we investigated the associations between CR and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures in early adulthood.