Iron Deposits in Periaqueductal Gray Matter Are Associated with Poor Response to OnabotulinumtoxinA in Chronic Migraine.

Previous studies have reported increased brain deposits of iron in patients with chronic migraine (CM). This study aims to determine the relation between iron deposits and outcome after treatment with OnabotulinumtoxinA (OnabotA). Demographic and clinical data were collected for this study through a prospective cohort study including 62 CM patients treated with OnabotA in the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (Spain).

IgG4-related Disease from Head to Toe.

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is a relatively recently proposed clinical-pathologic entity that is characterized by fibro-inflammatory lesions rich in IgG4-positive plasma cells and, often but not always, elevated serum IgG4 concentrations. IgG4-related disease was recognized as a systemic disease in 2003, when extrapancreatic manifestations were identified in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. Since then, the disease has been reported as affecting virtually every organ system and has been identified in the biliary tree, salivary and lacrimal glands, periorbital tissues, lungs, lymph nodes, thyroid gland, kidneys, prostate gland, testicles, breasts, and pituitary gland.

Novel oncologic drugs: what they do and how they affect images.

Targeted therapies are designed to interfere with specific aberrant biologic pathways involved in tumor development. The main classes of novel oncologic drugs include antiangiogenic drugs, antivascular agents, drugs interfering with EGFR-HER2 or KIT receptors, inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and hormonal therapies. Cancer cells usurp normal signal transduction pathways used by growth factors to stimulate proliferation and sustain viability.

The role of functional imaging in colorectal cancer.

Objective: This article reviews the current and future contributions of functional imaging techniques to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of colorectal cancer. In addition, evolving roles and challenges for their implementation will be covered.

Conclusion: Functional imaging now has a growing role in colorectal cancer.

Imaging arteriovenous fistulas.

Objective: Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are abnormal communications with shunting of blood from an artery to a vein. AVFs mainly involve the peripheral vascular system but can affect virtually any organ or system in the body. They may be congenital, created surgically for hemodialysis, or caused by pathologic processes.

The spectrum of cystic masses of the pancreas: imaging features and diagnostic difficulties.

Cystic masses of the pancreas comprise a diverse group of pathologic entities ranging from pseudocysts to cystic tumors. Although their presentations may be similar, the appropriate treatment and patient management can differ greatly. There is an overlap in radiologic features, but the clinical context and some imaging findings are useful in differentiating among these entities; the differential diagnosis could be considerably reduced and it is generally possible to reach the correct diagnosis.