Knowledge, perception and attitude about Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) among veterinary students and professionals of Spain.

The Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tropical viral zoonosis first reported in Spain with 17 detected cases since 2010-2024. Health professionals, including veterinarians, play a crucial role in controlling and preventing this disease. This study aimed to analyse and compare the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of veterinary students and professionals in Spain regarding CCHF and zoonoses in general.

Post-Antibiotic and Post-Antibiotic Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Effects of Carvacrol against Typhimurium.

Carvacrol is a compound present in essential oils with proven antimicrobial activity against numerous pathogens. We firstly determine the post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of carvacrol (1×, 2×, 4× MIC) and post-antibiotic sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) effect (1× + 0.25× MIC and 2× + 0.

Assessment of the diagnostic performance of intradermal tuberculin test and post-mortem inspection for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis according to WOAH guidelines.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) constitutes a global challenge for public and animal health with still some deficiencies regarding its diagnosis. This study aimed to estimate the accuracy of the single intradermal tuberculin test (SIT) and post-mortem inspection for different diagnostic objectives following WOAH guidelines. Tissue samples from 59 microbiological culture/PCR-positive and 58 microbiological culture/PCR-negative cattle were evaluated.

Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the serological test for paratuberculosis in cattle according to tuberculosis status.

Background: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are the most widely used diagnostic tools in bovine paratuberculosis (bPTB) control. However, their diagnostic accuracy may be compromised by bovine tuberculosis (bTB) infection, as both diseases share diagnostic targets.

Methods: The bPTB and bTB infection status of 228 animals was determined using microbiological tissue culture as a reference test.

Diagnostic performance of faecal and tissue multiplex qPCR IS900/F57 for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in cattle.

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is responsible for bovine-paratuberculosis (bPTB), which causes high production losses in cattle. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 228 cattle to evaluate the validity and diagnostic utility of a multiplex real-time PCR (qPCR) on faecal and intestinal samples [ileocaecal valve (ICV) and ileocaecal lymph nodes (ICLN)], using intestinal tissue culture as a reference test. Based on the sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LR) obtained, the diagnostic value of faecal qPCR for confirming MAP infection was moderate (sensitivity 50.

Pre-test probability and likelihood ratios for clinical findings in canine leishmaniasis.

Canine leishmaniasis is a parasitic zoonosis mainly caused by L. infantum; an obligate intracellular protozoan transmitted by haematophagous insects of the genus Phlebotomus, which affects dogs and wild canids. The clinical implications of this disease are highly variable, since infected animals may remain asymptomatic (absence of observable clinical signs) or present a wide spectrum of clinical alterations and degrees of severity, including the death of the animal.

The Role of Histopathology as a Complementary Diagnostic Tool in the Monitoring of Bovine Tuberculosis.

The diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is based on the single intradermal tuberculin test (SIT), interferon gamma, and compulsory slaughter of reactor animals. Culture and PCR from fresh tissue are regarded as gold standard techniques for confirmation, with the former being time-consuming and presenting moderate to low sensitivity and the latter presenting promising results. Histopathology has the advantage to identify and categorize lesions in both reactor and non-reactor animals.

Real-Time PCR Validation for Complex Detection Targeting IS Directly From Bovine Lymph Nodes.

Rapid and accurate diagnostic tools, such as Real-Time PCR (qPCR), need to be implemented as a confirmatory test in the framework of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) surveillance and control programs, shortening the turnaround time to confirm bTB infection. The present study aimed to evaluate a direct qPCR from fresh tissue samples targeting the insertion sequence IS using individually homogenized bovine lymph nodes compared with microbiological culture. Retropharyngeal, tracheobronchial, and mesenteric lymph nodes fresh tissue samples ( = 687) were collected from 230 different cattle carcasses at the slaughterhouse.

Histopathological and microbiological study of porcine lymphadenitis: contributions to diagnosis and control of the disease.

Tuberculosis like lesions (TBL) in free-range pigs are characterised by presenting a marked heterogeneity in pathology and microbiology features, with a notorious role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), Trueperella pyogenes and different Streptococcus species. However, the capacity of these microorganism to spread to different organic cavities leading to a generalised disease is unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the organic distribution of these agents in free-range pig carcasses whole condemned due to generalised TBL.

Search of Potential Vaccine Candidates against Infections through Proteomic and Bioinformatic Analysis.

is an opportunistic pathogen, responsible for important infections in pigs and significant economic losses in swine production. To date, there are no available commercial vaccines to control diseases caused by this bacterium. In this work, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of 15 clinical isolates, by "shaving" live cells, followed by LC-MS/MS, aiming at the identification of the whole set of surface proteins (i.

Supplementing feed with reduces load in finishing pigs.

Background: Pigs are asymptomatic carriers of foodborne bacteria, such as and species, which can pose a risk to human health. New strategies to control bacteria burden before reaching the slaughterhouse are necessary. This study evaluated the effect of on performance parameters and on the burden of foodborne pathogens, that have subsequent implications on food quality and safety, in free-range finishing pigs at the slaughterhouse.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Trueperella pyogenes isolated from food-producing ruminants.

A total of 96 Trueperella pyogenes isolates, an opportunistic pathogen of food-producing ruminants, obtained from cattle (n = 34), sheep (n = 35) and goats (n = 27), and identified by Real Time PCR (qPCR), were analysed to determine the susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials commonly used in livestock, using a broth microdilution. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) distribution was unimodal for half of the antimicrobials tested with the exception of apramycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, tylosin, and erythromycin all of which showed bimodal MIC distributions. Low MIC values for penicillin, amoxicillin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, and gentamicin (<1 μg/ml) were obtained, suggesting that these antimicrobials would be the most effective first line empiric treatment for T.

Reduced Susceptibility of Typhimurium Strains to Oregano Essential Oil and Enrofloxacin: An Assay.

Several European animal nutrition companies have incorporated essential oils (EOs) into animal feed as a result of the prohibition of antibiotics to promote animal growth. Previous studies of EOs have highlighted the absence of bacterial resistance for these substances, although most of the published works focus on studying their tolerance to subinhibitory doses. For this study, oregano essential oil (OEO) was chosen for its proven inhibitory and bactericidal activity.

Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characterization of Trueperella pyogenes isolates from pigs reared under intensive and extensive farming practices.

Trueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen associated with a variety of diseases and responsible for important economic losses for pig production. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) typing analysis were used to determine the MIC distribution and to genetically characterize a total of 180 T. pyogenes isolates obtained from slaughtered pigs reared under intensive (TpIN, n = 89) and extensive (TpEX, n = 91) farming practices.

Comparative immunosecretome analysis of prevalent Streptococcus suis serotypes.

Streptococcus suis is a major Gram-positive swine pathogen associated with a wide variety of diseases in pigs. The efforts made to develop vaccines against this pathogen have failed because of lack of common cross-reactive antigens against different serotypes. Nowadays the interest has moved to surface and secreted proteins, as they have the highest chances to raise an effective immune response because they are in direct contact with host cells and are really exposed and accessible to antibodies.

Antimicrobial activity of selected essential oils against Streptococcus suis isolated from pigs.

The inhibitory potential by contact and vapor of basil, cinnamon, clove, peppermint, oregano, rosemary, common thyme, and red thyme essential oils (EOs) against 20 strains of Streptococcus suis was determined by the disk diffusion test. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentration (MIC and MBC) of the four selected oils. Furthermore, the bactericidal power (ratio MBC/MIC) was calculated.

Survival of selected foodborne pathogens on dry cured pork loins.

The safety of ready-to-eat products such as cured pork loins must be guaranteed by the food industry. In the present study, the efficacy of the dry curing process of pork loins obtained from free-range pigs in the reduction of three of the most important foodborne pathogens is analysed. A total of 28 pork loin segments, with an average weight of 0.

Characterization of the immune response and evaluation of the protective capacity of rSsnA against Streptococcus suis infection in pigs.

The efforts made to develop vaccines against Streptococcus suis have failed because of lack of common antigens cross-reactive against different serotypes of this species. The cell wall-anchored proteins can be good vaccine candidates due to their high expression and accessibility to antibodies, among these, a cell-wall protein, DNA-nuclease (SsnA), present in most of the S. suis serotypes and clinical isolates collected from infected pigs, was selected.

A new recombinant SsnA protein combined with aluminum hydroxide protects mouse against Streptococcus suis.

An experimental challenge in a mouse model was used to select the most effective adjuvant in a vaccine formulation with the surface-anchored DNA-nuclease (SsnA). We used a protocol based on clinical, histopathological, bacterial kinetics and immune response against S. suis serotype 2 in infected animals.

Comparison of two biochemical methods for identifying Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from sheep and goats.

The biochemical pattern of Cowan and Steel (BPCS) was compared with a commercial biochemical strip for the identification of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from small ruminants. On 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 40/78 coryneform isolates from the lymph nodes of sheep and goats with lesions resembling caseous lymphadenitis were identified as C. pseudotuberculosis.

Exploring the pan-surfome of Streptococcus suis: looking for common protein antigens.

Streptococcus suis is a swine and human pathogen for which no commercial vaccine is still available. Conserved and broadly distributed surface proteins have become the chosen targets for the development of efficacious vaccines that could overcome the problems of non-heterologous protection of bacterins or capsule polysaccharide-based vaccines. In this work, we have analyzed by proteomics a collection of 39 strains obtained from infected pigs.

Risk factors associated with the antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci in canine pyoderma.

This study reports the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of staphylococci (n=105) isolated from dogs, and the factors associated with this resistance. The study animals were 23 healthy dogs (group A), 24 with first-time pyoderma (group B), and 27 with recurrent pyoderma that had undergone long-term antibiotic treatment (group C). Staphylococci were more commonly isolated from the pyoderma-affected than the healthy dogs (p<0.

A surface protein of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 identified by proteomics protects mice against infection.

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a major Gram-positive swine pathogen, causing also zoonoses. We describe here the immunoprotective activity in an in vivo animal model of a serotype-2 cell wall protein, designated Sat, which was identified by a previously validated proteomics approach consisting of the protease digestion of live bacteria and the selective recovery of exposed domains, followed by LC/MS/MS analysis. Increased survival rate (80%) and decreased bacterial burden were observed in mice immunized with a recombinant Sat fragment, suggesting that this protein is a potential vaccine candidate against serotype-2 infection.

Genetic analysis of Streptococcus suis isolates recovered from diseased and healthy carrier pigs at different stages of production on a pig farm.

Streptococcus suis isolates from pigs at different stages of production on a farrow-to-finish farm were characterised by serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and production of muramidase-released protein, extracellular factor and suilysin. S. suis was isolated from the tonsils of 81/287 (28.

Genetic and virulence-phenotype characterization of serotypes 2 and 9 of Streptococcus suis swine isolates.

The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic characteristics and virulence phenotypes of Streptococcus suis, specifically, in clinical isolates of serotypes 2 and 9 (n = 195), obtained from diverse geographical areas across Spain. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing identified 97 genetic profiles, 68% of which were represented by single isolates, indicative of a substantial genetic diversity among the S. suis isolates analyzed.