Predicting the limits of the endoscopic endonasal approach in children: a radiological anatomical study.

OBJECT The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has been established as an alternative approach to craniovertebral junction (CVJ) pathology in adults. The authors have previously described the nasoaxial line (NAxL) as an accurate predictor of the lower limit of the EEA to the CVJ in adults. The surgical anatomy limiting the EEA to the pediatric CVJ has not been well studied.

Diabetes registries in patient-centered medical homes.

Background: Little is known about the effectiveness of a patient registry, an attribute within the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model, as it relates to diabetes health outcomes. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values for patients (n = 713) from clinics with an established diabetes registry (n = 7) to patients (n = 325) at clinics without a diabetes registry (n = 15), and determine whether HbA1c levels improve significantly more over time at registry clinics compared to nonregistry clinics.

Methods: Up to 3 most recent sequential HbA1c values, along with demographic variables of age, body mass index (BMI), gender, race, insurance type, marital status, and whether or not the patient lived in the local area around the medical center were extracted from the electronic medical record used throughout the primary health care system.