Iron incorporation in red blood cells of pediatric sickle cell anemia: a stable isotope pilot investigation.

Background/objectives: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is marked by hypoxia, inflammation, and secondary iron overload (IO), which potentially modulate hepcidin, the pivotal hormone governing iron homeostasis. The aim was to evaluate the iron incorporation in red blood cells (RBC) in SCA pediatric patients, considering the presence or absence of IO.

Subjects/methods: SCA children (n = 12; SCA) ingested an oral stable iron isotope (Fe) and iron incorporation in RBC was measured after 14 days.

Iron absorption in adults with sickle cell anemia: a stable-isotope approach.

Purpose: Iron absorption in sickle cell anemia (SCA) remains unclear and studies in adults with SCA are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the iron absorption SCA adults and its association with iron status and hepcidin concentration.

Methods: SCA patients (n = 13; SCA) and control participants (n = 10) ingested an oral stable iron isotope (Fe).

Combined Oral Contraceptives: Association with Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Calcium and Bone Homeostasis.

Use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) has been found to increase serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] but effects on calcium and bone homeostasis are unclear. Serum 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase (ALK) and estradiol, dietary intake of bone-related nutrients and foods, bone mineral density (BMD), and body fat were compared in adult women (20-35 years; body mass index 21.5 ± 2.

Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy reduces postpartum fat mass in adolescents: A randomized trial.

Background: Pregnancy during adolescence may increase the risk of overweight/obesity. There is evidence that increasing calcium intake, alone or vitamin D-combined, may favor loss of weight and/or fat mass.

Objectives: We hypothesized that calcium supplementation during pregnancy reduces excessive fat accumulation during postpartum period.

Salt-related practices and its association with 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in an Uruguayan population cohort.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between knowledge, attitudes, and behavior (KAB) towards sodium use and sodium intake measured by 24-hour urinary collection in an adult cohort from Uruguay (Genotype Phenotype and Environment of Hypertension Study, GEFA-HT-UY).

Methods: In a cross-sectional study (n = 159), a single 24-hour urinary sample, participants' physical, biochemical and blood pressure measurements and questionnaire data were collected. The association between KAB and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was assessed using general linear models.

Birth weight, skeletal maturity and dietary patterns are associated with body composition compartments differently in male and female physically active adolescents.

Adequate body composition is important for health and performance of physically active adolescents; however, some factors can influence body composition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between body composition and birth weight, skeletal maturity and dietary patterns, in male (n = 124) and female (n = 107) physically active adolescents. Birth weight was obtained from health booklets.

Daily Intake of a Functional Synbiotic Yogurt Increases Calcium Absorption in Young Adult Women.

Background: Foods containing both prebiotics and probiotics (synbiotics) might enhance calcium bioavailability.

Objectives: We investigated the acute effect in young adult women on calcium absorption of consuming (185 mL) a synbiotic yogurt (SYN) containing inulin (4 g) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (>1 × 107 CFU/mL) compared with a control yogurt (CON).

Methods: Adult normal-weight women (25.

Association of Dietary Patterns with Cardiovascular and Kidney Phenotypes in an Uruguayan Population Cohort.

The impact of habitual diet on chronic diseases has not been extensively characterized in South America. We aimed to identify major dietary patterns (DP) in an adult cohort in Uruguay (Genotype Phenotype and Environment of Hypertension Study-GEFA-HT-UY) and to assess associations with metabolic, anthropometric characteristics, and cardiovascular and kidney phenotypes. In a cross-sectional study ( = 294), DP were derived by the principal component analysis.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in yerba mate () infusions and probabilistic risk assessment of exposure.

The aim of this study was to assess the risk of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from yerba mate infusions in Uruguay using the margin of exposure approach (MOE) and a probabilistic method (Monte Carlo simulation). Servings/day, portion size, weekly frequency of mate consumption and body weight were the factors considered. The amount in infusions of benz[a]pyrene (B[a]P), PAH2 (sum of chrysene and B[a]P), and PAH4 (sum of benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benz[b]fluoranthene and B[a]P) were used as markers of PAH exposure.

Bioimpedance parameters in adolescent athletes in relation to bone maturity and biochemical zinc indices.

Phase angle (PA) is derived from resistance and reactance determined by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and it appears to relate to cellular stability and integrity. Interpretation of PA values could be complemented by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA), which relates to body hydration and structure. Body composition, age, sex, and nutrients are known to stabilize cell membranes, such as zinc, have been related to PA although information is scarce in adolescent athletes.

[Influence of hormonal contraceptives on indices of zinc homeostasis and bone remodeling in young adult women].

Purpose: To investigate the influence of the use of oral hormonal contraceptive agents (OCA) on the biochemical indices related to metabolic zinc utilization and distribution, and to bone turnover in young adult women.

Methods: Cross-sectional study. Blood and urine samples from non-users (-OCA; control; n=69) and users of hormonal contraceptives for at least 3 months (+OCA; n=62) were collected under controlled conditions.

Isoflavones and soyasaponins in soy infant formulas in Brazil: profile and estimated consumption.

In the present study we determine the contents of isoflavones and soyasaponins in seven soy-based infant formulas available in the Brazilian market to estimate the intake of these bioactive compounds by infants. The mean contents of isoflavones and soyasaponins were 65.9mg/kg and 55.

Maternal zinc intakes and homeostatic adjustments during pregnancy and lactation.

Zinc plays critical roles during embryogenesis, fetal growth, and milk secretion, which increase the zinc need for pregnancy and lactation. Increased needs can be met by increasing the dietary zinc intake, along with making homeostatic adjustments in zinc utilization. Potential homeostatic adjustments include changes in circulating zinc, increased zinc absorption, decreased zinc losses, and changes in whole body zinc kinetics.

Chemical characterization and evaluation of antioxidant properties of açaí fruits (Euterpe oleraceae Mart.) during ripening.

Consumption of açaí fruits has been linked to positive health effects due to its phenolic content and nutritive value. The objective of this study was to characterize açaí fruits chemically and to determine the antioxidant capacity at three different maturity stages. With the exception of fat, amounts of macronutrients, minerals and titratable acids decreased during the ripening process.

Plasma zinc, copper, and serum thyroid hormones and insulin levels after zinc supplementation followed by placebo in competitive athletes.

Intense physical activity is associated with biological adaptations involving hormones and trace elements. Zinc supplementation may affect plasma copper concentration, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid hormones, insulin, and glucose homeostasis, but data in athletes are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate in competitive athletes (cyclists, n = 7, 32 ± 8 years) the effect of zinc supplementation (22 mg/day as zinc gluconate) during 30 days, and discontinuation using placebo (maltodextrin) during the following 30 days, on plasma zinc and copper concentrations, serum thyroid hormones, insulin and glucose levels, and HOMA2-IR.

Effect of zinc supplementation on the antioxidant, copper, and iron status of physically active adolescents.

Puberty associated with intense physical activity results in oxidation stress. Zinc supplementation may benefit antioxidant capacity although it may also affect iron and copper status. This study evaluated the effect of zinc supplementation on antioxidant, zinc and copper status of physically active male football players (13 years +/- 0.

Plasma leptin, plasma zinc, and plasma copper are associated in elite female and male judo athletes.

The purpose of this study was to compare plasma leptin, plasma zinc, and plasma copper levels and their relationship in trained female and male judo athletes (n = 10 women; n = 8 men). Blood samples were obtained 24 h after training to measure plasma zinc, copper, and leptin levels. Subjects presented similar values to age (22 +/- 2 years old), body mass index (24 +/- 1 kg/m(2)), plasma zinc (17.

Supplementing young women with both zinc and iron protects zinc-related antioxidant indicators previously impaired by iron supplementation.

Iron supplementation impairs antioxidant status, whereas zinc is recognized as an antioxidant micronutrient. We investigated the effect of supplementing both zinc and iron on iron, zinc, and antioxidant status in 18 women (22-31 y) studied during 2 sequential 8-wk periods. From wk 1 to 8, only iron (50 mg/d) (Fe period) was supplemented and from wk 9 to 16, zinc (25 mg/d) (Fe+Zn period) was also given but at a different time of the day.

Fast simultaneous analysis of caffeine, trigonelline, nicotinic acid and sucrose in coffee by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A rapid liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of caffeine, trigonelline, nicotinic acid and sucrose in coffee was developed and validated. The method involved extraction with hot water, clarification with basic lead acetate and membrane filtration, followed by chromatographic separation using a Spherisorb(®) S5 ODS2, 5μm chromatographic column and gradient elution with 0.3% aqueous formic acid/methanol at a flow rate of 0.

Plasma zinc, copper, leptin, and body composition are associated in elite female judo athletes.

This study evaluated levels of plasma zinc, copper, and leptin, body composition, and their relationship in nine elite female judo athletes under two different training conditions. Body composition and biochemical measurements (hematological indexes, plasma zinc, plasma copper, and plasma leptin) were analyzed 24 h after intense training and following a 5-d period without training (no-training). Plasma leptin and plasma zinc increased with no-training.

Zinc and copper metabolism in pregnancy and lactation of adolescent women.

Objective: Pregnant and lactating adolescent women are at risk of zinc and copper deficiency but their capacity for metabolic adaptation is poorly known. This study investigated the effect of pregnancy and lactation on zinc and copper metabolism in adolescent women by comparing biochemical indices between groups in different reproductive states.

Methods: Habitual dietary intake and biochemical indices (zinc, copper, alkaline phosphatase, and ceruloplasmin in plasma; zinc [E-Zn], metallothionein [E-MT], and superoxide dismutase [E-SOD] in erythrocytes) and their relation were compared among non-pregnant non-lactating adolescents (NPNLs; n = 26), third-trimester pregnant adolescents (PAs; n = 26), and lactating adolescents up to 3 mo postpartum (LAs; n = 21).

Distribution of lead in human milk fractions: relationship with essential minerals and maternal blood lead.

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration and distribution of lead, calcium, iron, zinc, and copper in major fractions (fat, casein, whey) of mature milk from 38 nursing adult women with low environmental lead exposure. The potential associations between milk lead and maternal blood lead and between milk and blood lead and essential mineral data (nutritional status, dietary intake, and milk concentration) were investigated. Maternal blood lead (geometric mean, 60 microg/L) was negatively associated, although modestly, with dietary calcium intake (r=-0.