Body mass index interacts with a genetic-risk score for depression increasing the risk of the disease in high-susceptibility individuals.

Depression is strongly associated with obesity among other chronic physical diseases. The latest mega- and meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies have identified multiple risk loci robustly associated with depression. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether a genetic-risk score (GRS) combining multiple depression risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) might have utility in the prediction of this disorder in individuals with obesity.

Use of a personalised depression intervention in primary care to prevent anxiety: a secondary study of a cluster randomised trial.

Background: In the predictD-intervention, GPs used a personalised biopsychosocial programme to prevent depression. This reduced the incidence of major depression by 21.0%, although the results were not statistically significant.

A mindfulness and compassion-based program applied to pregnant women and their partners to decrease depression symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Pregnancy and the postpartum period are times of great change for women and their partners, often bringing substantial challenges and stress. Approximately 10%-20% of women suffer from mood disorders such as depression in the perinatal period. There are risks involved in using psychopharmacological interventions to treat perinatal depression.

Family physicians' views on participating in prevention of major depression. The predictD-EVAL qualitative study.

Background: The predictD intervention, a multicomponent intervention delivered by family physicians (FPs), reduced the incidence of major depression by 21% versus the control group and was cost-effective. A qualitative methodology was proposed to identify the mechanisms of action of these complex interventions.

Purpose: To seek the opinions of these FPs on the potential successful components of the predictD intervention for the primary prevention of depression in primary care and to identify areas for improvement.

EVIDENT Smartphone App, a New Method for the Dietary Record: Comparison With a Food Frequency Questionnaire.

Background: More alternatives are needed for recording people's normal diet in different populations, especially adults or the elderly, as part of the investigation into the effects of nutrition on health.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the estimated values of energy intake, macro- and micronutrient, and alcohol consumption gathered using the EVIDENT II smartphone app against the data estimated with a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in an adult population aged 18 to 70 years.

Methods: We included 362 individuals (mean age 52 years, SD 12; 214/362, 59.

Combined use of smartphone and smartband technology in the improvement of lifestyles in the adult population over 65 years: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial (EVIDENT-Age study).

Background: The increasing use of smartphones by older adults also increases their potential for improving different aspects of health in this population. Some studies have shown promising results in the improvement of cognitive performance through lifestyle modification. All this may have a broad impact on the quality of life and carrying out daily living activities.

The Effectiveness of a Smartphone Application on Modifying the Intakes of Macro and Micronutrients in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The EVIDENT II Study.

Background: This study evaluates the effectiveness of adding a diet smartphone application to standard counseling to modify dietary composition over the long term (12 months).

Methods: A randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted involving the participation of 833 subjects from primary care clinics (415 to the intervention (counseling + application) group (IG) and 418 to the control (counseling) group (CG)). Both groups were counseled about a healthy diet and physical activity.

Self-sustained enzymatic cascade for the production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from 5-methoxymethylfurfural.

Background: 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid is a renewable building block for the production of polyfurandicarboxylates, which are biodegradable polyesters expected to substitute their classical counterparts derived from fossil resources. It may be produced from bio-based 5-hydroxymethylfurfural or 5-methoxymethylfurfural, both obtained by the acidic dehydration of biomass-derived fructose. 5-Methoxymethylfurfural, which is produced in the presence of methanol, generates less by-products and exhibits better storage stability than 5-hydroxymethylfurfural being, therefore, the industrial substrate of choice.

A personalized intervention to prevent depression in primary care: cost-effectiveness study nested into a clustered randomized trial.

Background: Depression is viewed as a major and increasing public health issue, as it causes high distress in the people experiencing it and considerable financial costs to society. Efforts are being made to reduce this burden by preventing depression. A critical component of this strategy is the ability to assess the individual level and profile of risk for the development of major depression.

Intervention to Prevent Major Depression in Primary Care: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

Background: Not enough is known about universal prevention of depression in adults.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention to prevent major depression.

Design: Multicenter, cluster randomized trial with sites randomly assigned to usual care or an intervention.

Clustering of lifestyle characteristics and their association with cardio-metabolic health: the Lifestyles and Endothelial Dysfunction (EVIDENT) study.

Little is known about the clustering patterns of lifestyle behaviours in adult populations. We explored clusters in multiple lifestyle behaviours including physical activity (PA), smoking, alcohol use and eating habits in a sample of adult population. A cross-sectional and multi-centre study was performed with six participating groups distributed throughout Spain.

Monitoring Glycan-Protein Interactions by NMR Spectroscopic Analysis: A Simple Chemical Tag That Mimics Natural CH-π Interactions.

Detection of molecular recognition processes requires robust, specific, and easily implementable sensing methods, especially for screening applications. Here, we propose the difluoroacetamide moiety (an acetamide bioisoster) as a novel tag for detecting by NMR analysis those glycan-protein interactions that involve N-acetylated sugars. Although difluoroacetamide has been used previously as a substituent in medicinal chemistry, here we employ it as a specific sensor to monitor interactions between GlcNAc-containing glycans and a model lectin (wheat germ agglutinin).

Cooperative hydrogen bonding in glyco-oligoamides: DNA minor groove binders in aqueous media.

A strategy to create cooperative hydrogen-bonding centers by using strong and directional intramolecular hydrogen-bonding motifs that can survive in aqueous media is presented. In particular, glyco-oligoamides, a family of DNA minor groove binders, with cooperative and non-cooperative hydrogen-bonding donor centers in the carbohydrate residues have been designed, synthesized, and studied by means of NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods. Indeed, two different sugar moieties, namely, β-D-Man-Py-γ-Py-Ind (1; Ind=indole, Man=mannose, Py=pyrrole) and β-D-Tal-Py-γ-Py-Ind (2; Tal=talose), were chosen according to our design.

Patients' opinions about knowing their risk for depression and what to do about it. The predictD-qualitative study.

Background: The predictD study developed and validated a risk algorithm for predicting the onset of major depression in primary care. We aimed to explore the opinion of patients about knowing their risk for depression and the values and criteria upon which these opinions are based.

Methods: A maximum variation sample of patients was taken, stratified by city, age, gender, immigrant status, socio-economic status and lifetime depression.

Relationship between objectively measured physical activity and cardiovascular aging in the general population--the EVIDENT trial.

Background: Aging has been associated with an increase in arterial stiffness. We analyzed the relationship between regular physical activity and cardiovascular aging evaluated by the radial augmentation index (rAIx), ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI), pulse pressure (PP) and heart age in subjects without atherosclerotic disease.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed including 1365 subjects from the EVIDENT trial (mean age 54.

Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy criteria and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring parameters in adults.

Background: To examine the relationship between ambulatory blood pressure monitoring parameters (ABPM) and electrocardiographic criteria for left-ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in adults.

Methods: This study analyzed 1,544 subjects from the EVIDENT study (mean age = 55 ± 14 years; 61% women). A standard electrocardiograph (ECG) and 10 criteria were used to detect LVH.

Preventing the onset of major depression based on the level and profile of risk of primary care attendees: protocol of a cluster randomised trial (the predictD-CCRT study).

Background: The 'predictD algorithm' provides an estimate of the level and profile of risk of the onset of major depression in primary care attendees. This gives us the opportunity to develop interventions to prevent depression in a personalized way. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of a new intervention, personalized and implemented by family physicians (FPs), to prevent the onset of episodes of major depression.

Protein-carbohydrate interactions studied by NMR: from molecular recognition to drug design.

Diseases that result from infection are, in general, a consequence of specific interactions between a pathogenic organism and the cells. The study of host-pathogen interactions has provided insights for the design of drugs with therapeutic properties. One area that has proved to be promising for such studies is the constituted by carbohydrates which participate in biological processes of paramount importance.

Confirmatory factor analysis to assess the measure of adiposity that best fits the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and relationship to physical activity in adults.

Purpose: The objective of the study is to assess the goodness of fit for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in adults of four models with different measures of adiposity using confirmatory factor analysis, to develop a cardio metabolic risk index and to analyze its relationship to physical activity.

Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive multicenter study including 636 patients from the EVIDENT study. Considering as fixed variables, triglycerides/HDL-C ratio, HOMA-IR index and mean arterial pressure, we will compare which single-factor model of metabolic syndrome shows better goodness of fit.

The role of gender in a smoking cessation intervention: a cluster randomized clinical trial.

Background: The prevalence of smoking in Spain is high in both men and women. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of gender in the effectiveness of a specific smoking cessation intervention conducted in Spain.

Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of a cluster randomized clinical trial in which the randomization unit was the Basic Care Unit (family physician and nurse who care for the same group of patients).

[Durability of the effects of a quality improvement intervention in hypertensive patients on long-term follow-up (CICLO-RISK study)].

Objective: To evaluate the durability of the effects achieved with a quality improvement intervention on cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular risk, as intermediate outcomes, in hypertensive patients on long-term follow-up long time primary health care.

Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Setting: Two urban primary care health centres.

ATPase activity and oligomeric state of TrwK, the VirB4 homologue of the plasmid R388 type IV secretion system.

Type IV secretion systems (T4SS) mediate the transfer of DNA and protein substrates to target cells. TrwK, encoded by the conjugative plasmid R388, is a member of the VirB4 family, comprising the largest and most conserved proteins of T4SS. VirB4 was suggested to be an ATPase involved in energizing pilus assembly and substrate transport.

The KCNQ1 (Kv7.1) COOH terminus, a multitiered scaffold for subunit assembly and protein interaction.

The Kv7 subfamily of voltage-dependent potassium channels, distinct from other subfamilies by dint of its large intracellular COOH terminus, acts to regulate excitability in cardiac and neuronal tissues. KCNQ1 (Kv7.1), the founding subfamily member, encodes a channel subunit directly implicated in genetic disorders, such as the long QT syndrome, a cardiac pathology responsible for arrhythmias.