Design, validation and piloting of clinical vignettes to analyze critical care clinical decision processes during the COVID-19 pandemic in three different countries (Spain, Chile and United States).

Background: The use of heuristics in clinical decision-making processes increases in contexts of high uncertainty, such as those in Intensive Care Units (ICU. Given the impossibility of empirically studying their impact on real-world conditions, clinical vignettes were developed with the goal of identifying the use of heuristics in the care of critically ill patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in different clinical contexts.

Methodology: Vignettes were designed by critical care physicians in Spain to assess the use of representativeness, availability, and status quo heuristics in the care of critically ill patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Effectiveness of Mobility and Urban Sustainability Measures in Improving Citizen Health: A Scoping Review.

Background: The relationship between mobility and health has multiple dimensions, and the mobility model can be considered a public health intervention. Increasingly, mobility in cities is oriented towards incorporating sustainability criteria; however, there are many very diverse measures that cities carry out in terms of mobility and urban sustainability, and in many cases, these do not receive subsequent evaluation and/or study to analyse their effectiveness or impact. Currently, the literature does not offer any updated review of the measures applied in the different communities and countries.

Has COVID-19 changed the workload for primary care physicians? The case of Spain.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a massive over-exertion of doctors, multiplying their work intensity, overload and stress. Yet no studies have been conducted on the changes in primary care physician overload during the pandemic.

Objective: To address this research gap, the aim of this article is to document the subjective dimensions of physicians' work during the peak of the pandemic for comparison with a pre-COVID-19 situation.

Use of heuristics during the clinical decision process from family care physicians in real conditions.

Rationale Aims And Objectives: The available evidence on the use of heuristics and their relationship with diagnostic error in primary care is very limited. The aim of the study is to identify the use of unknown thought and specifically the possible use of Representativeness, Availability and overconfidence heuristics in the clinical practice of primary care physicians in cases of dyspnoea and to analyse their possible relationship with diagnostic error.

Methods: A total of 371 patients consulting with new episodes of dyspnoea in Primary Care centres in Spain were registered.

[Effect of the use of heuristics on diagnostic error in Primary Care: Scoping review].

Objective: To assess the use of representativeness, availability, overconfidence, anchoring and adjustment heuristics in clinical practice, specifically in Primary Care setting.

Design: Panoramic review (scope review).

Data Sources: OvidMedline, Scopus, PsycoINFO, Cochrane Library and PubMed databases.

[Critical view and argumentation on chronic care programs in Primary and Community Care].

The detailed analysis of the chronic care plans developed by the Spanish regional health services show a surprising level of uniformity in their design and deployment, despite differences between these services. The reviews about theoretical models that support it and tools they develop does not provide conclusive evidence to support the chronic care models achieve better results than another alternatives of care. Although the whole Spanish chronic care plans includes assessment proposals no rigorous studies on their effect have been published to date.